ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2025
Metabolomics integrated with network pharmacology and serum-urine pharmacochemistry unveils the antidiabetic mechanism of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) is a traditional Chinese medicine widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the specific bioactive constituents responsible for its Methods: UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was employed to identify the AR-derived constituents in serum and urine of T2DM rats. Network pharmacology was utilised to predict the targets of the AR's active components, while biochemical assays, liver histopathology, and metabolomics were performed to evaluate its therapeutic effects. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to assess the binding affinities between key components and their targets. Results: 77 AR components were identified, among which 47 prototypes and 11 metabolites were detected in serum and urine. The key bioactive constituents included sarsasapogenin, markogenin/neogitogenin, digitogenin, norathyriol, and mangiferin. AR treatment significantly reduced blood glucose and lipid levels, ameliorated insulin resistance, attenuated inflammation, and modulated the PPAR and NF-κB signalling pathways. Serum metabolomics analysis revealed 35 differential metabolites, with linoleic acid metabolism and PPAR signalling identified as the predominant metabolic pathways. Molecular docking and MD simulations demonstrated strong binding affinity between core components and key targets (PPARA, NFKB1, IL6, AKT1, IL1B). Pharmacological validation confirmed AR's therapeutic efficacy in T2DM through regulation of these core targets. Conclusion: AR ameliorates T2DM by suppressing NF-κB signalling and activating PPAR pathways, thereby improving metabolic dysregulation.
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