Evidence mapPaperPMID 41147485Full record

ArticleLaboratory medicine2026

SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity is associated with elevated hemoglobin A1c.

Darryl E Palmer-Toy, Rui Yan, Komal J Narwaney, Aida Legaspi, Michael Aragones, Jessica A Lam, John M Chang, Cecilia Portugal, Katia J Bruxvoort, Jason M Glanz and 1 more

Abstract read
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Article in Laboratory medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

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No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Darryl E Palmer-ToySouthern California Permanente Medical Group Regional Reference Laboratories, North Hollywood & Chino Hills, CA, United States.
Rui YanKaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, United States.
Komal J NarwaneyInstitute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, United States.
Aida LegaspiSouthern California Permanente Medical Group Regional Reference Laboratories, North Hollywood & Chino Hills, CA, United States.
Michael AragonesKaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, United States.
Jessica A LamDepartment of Clinical Analysis, Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Pasadena, CA, United States.
John M ChangKaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-2821-9744
Cecilia PortugalKaiser Permanente Southern California Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, United States.
Katia J BruxvoortSchool of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States.
Jason M GlanzInstitute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, United States.
Ingrid A BinswangerInstitute for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Denver, CO, United States.ORCID 0000-0001-8862-8078

Funding

Kaiser Permanente Community Health FundKaiser Permanente Garfield Memorial Research Fund
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThis prospective study assessed relationships between COVID-19, humoral immunity, and common laboratory test results.

methodsBlood and urine were collected from adults with clinical SARS-CoV-2 test results before August 2021: nucleic acid amplification (NAA) tests and antinucleocapsid protein (αN) serology. Measurements were made of αN and 13 laboratory tests, and results were compared across groups defined by NAA and αN status.

resultsGlycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and platelet counts were clinically significantly higher among individuals who had COVID-19 than in individuals without evidence of COVID-19. Hemoglobin was more abnormal among patients without evidence of COVID-19. Glycated hemoglobin results were also much higher among patients with prior positive NAA and current or prior positive αN results than in individuals with negative αN results. No other statistically significant associations between NAA or αN and abnormal laboratory results were found. DISCUSSION: Elevated HbA1c results were associated with prior positive NAA findings combined with positive αN results but not with negative αN results. Further investigation into the association of dysregulated glycemic control with humoral immunity to natural infection is warranted, given the well-documented increase in incidence in type 1 and type 2 diabetes following COVID-19. Prior positive NAA results were also associated with a few nonspecific abnormalities of the complete blood cell count.

Indexed as

COVID-19Glycated HemoglobinImmunity, HumoralSARS-CoV-2AdultAgedFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedProspective StudiesGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanCOVID-19hemoglobin A1cpost-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC)SARS-CoV-2 serology

Identifiers

PMID41147485
PMCPMC12822492

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.