Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41148522›Full record

ArticleApplied psychophysiology and biofeedback2026

Cost, Research, and Education: Providers' Perspectives on Making Neurofeedback More Accessible.

Whitney K Norris, M Kathryn Allison, Linda Larson-Prior, Jocelyn C Anderson, Martha Rojo

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Whitney K NorrisUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Rahn Building 5255, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA. wnorris2@uams.edu.
M Kathryn AllisonUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Rahn Building 5255, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
Linda Larson-PriorUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Rahn Building 5255, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
Jocelyn C AndersonUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Rahn Building 5255, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
Martha RojoUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Rahn Building 5255, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.

Funding

National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health KL2TR003108 and UL1TR003107
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite a wide variety of research and clinical utilization over the past 50 years, neurofeedback has failed to gain recognition comparable to other well-researched mental health interventions. The goal of this study was to explore neurofeedback practitioners' perspectives on what would help make the intervention more accessible to mental health providers and to the public. Despite a wide variety of research and clinical utilization over the past 50 years, neurofeedback has failed to gain recognition comparable to other well-researched mental health interventions. The goal of this study was to explore neurofeedback practitioners' perspectives on what would help make the intervention more accessible to mental health providers and to the public. As part of a larger implementation study using mixed methods to identify determinants of neurofeedback implementation, this qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews conducted online with 17 neurofeedback practitioners in outpatient settings, analyzed using inductive thematic analysis to identify themes related to accessibility. This study focused on the interview question: "What would help increase the accessibility of neurofeedback to the public?" Interview data were analyzed by two independent coders using inductive thematic analysis. The sample was mostly White (n = 15, 88%) and female (n = 13, 76%) with an average age of 53 years (range: 34-73 years). They averaged 17.8 years in practice (range: 3-36 years) and 8 years practicing neurofeedback (range: 1-20 years). Three major themes to help increase accessibility were identified: (a) financial support, including increased insurance coverage; (b) better provider education, including introduction of neurofeedback into graduate school curriculum; and (c) more research/research funding contributing to the scientific credibility of the neurofeedback field. This study was the first to qualitatively explore the accessibility changes of neurofeedback from an implementation science lens. Study participants described tangible ways to address these challenges through actionable avenues that could ultimately lead to increasing the update of neurofeedback in routine mental healthcare.

Indexed as

Attitude of Health PersonnelHealth PersonnelHealth Services AccessibilityNeurofeedbackAdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedQualitative ResearchAccessibilityConsolidated framework of implementation researchEEG biofeedbackImplementation scienceNeurofeedback

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.