ArticleCells2025
Efficacy of Oncolytic Virus VV-GMCSF-Lact Against Immunocompetent Glioma.
Article in Cells, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Heat up and Destroy: Immunotherapy of "Cold" Tumors Using the Example of Glioblastoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Virotherapy is a promising method for treating oncological diseases, including such aggressive and difficult-to-treat brain tumors such as glioblastoma. Recombinant vaccinia virus VV-GMCSF-Lact has previously shown high antitumor potential against tumor cells of varying histogenesis, including gliomas, and completed a Phase I clinical trial, demonstrating safety and good tolerability in patients with recurrent/refractory metastatic breast cancer. Investigating two types of VV-GMCSF-Lact delivery, intravenous and intratumoral, into orthotopically transplanted C6 glioma in rats, it was shown that intratumoral injection significantly increases tumor volumes in comparison with intravenous virus delivery and is accompanied by noticeable toxic effects. Extensive areas of necrotic decay of tumor tissue and its significant mixed-cell infiltration and peritumoral edema, affecting the tumor volume, were detected using H&E staining of C6 tumors after intratumoral injection of VV-GMCSF-Lact. However, only with intratumoral administration was a significant decrease in the level of the tumor cell proliferation marker Ki67 demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining. The observed toxic effects of VV-GMCSF-Lact with intratumoral administration revealed the need for dose selection, which was performed on a mouse GL261 glioma model. Results of the study allowed us to determine the viral dose that does not lead to toxic effects and can potentially increase life expectancy of mice. The data obtained show the need for careful selection of both the route of viral drug dose and administration.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.