Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41149320›Full record

ReviewBiosensors2025

Exhaled Aldehydes and Ketones as Biomarkers of Lung Cancer and Diabetes: Review of Sensor Technologies for Early Disease Diagnosis.

Rafał Kiejzik, Tomasz Wasilewski, Wojciech Kamysz

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biosensors, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. [Advances in the application of exhaled breath analysis technology in the detection and diagnosis of liver failure].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rafał KiejzikDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera, 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.
Tomasz WasilewskiDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera, 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4454-7246
Wojciech KamyszDepartment of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdańsk, Hallera, 107, 80-416 Gdańsk, Poland.

Funding

Gdańsk Medical University 01-65023; 664/508/61/ 71-1414Gdańsk Medical University no. ST-02-0087/07/508National Science Centre no. 2023/49/B/ST5/03756
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Exhaled breath (EB) contains numerous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can reflect pathological metabolic processes, making breath analysis a promising non-invasive diagnostic approach. In particular, volatile aldehydes and ketones have been identified as disease biomarkers in EB. Gas sensors are expected to play a crucial role in the diagnosis of numerous diseases at an early stage. Among the various available approaches, sensors stand out as especially attractive tools for diagnosing diseases such as lung cancer (LC) and diabetes, due to their affordability and operational simplicity. There is an urgent need in the field of disease detection for the development of affordable, non-invasive, and user-friendly sensors capable of detecting various biomarkers. Devices of the new generation should also demonstrate high repeatability of measurements and extended operational stability of the employed sensors. Due to these demands, the past few years have seen significant advancements in the development and implementation of electronic noses (ENs), which are composed of an array of sensors for the determination of VOCs present in EB. To meet these requirements, the development and integration of advanced receptor coatings on sensor transducers is essential. These coatings include nanostructured materials, molecularly imprinted polymers, and bioreceptors, which collectively enhance selectivity, sensitivity, and operational stability. However, reliable biomarker detection in point-of-care (PoC) mode remains a significant challenge, constrained by several factors. This review provides a comprehensive and critical evaluation of recent studies demonstrating that the detection of VOCs using gas sensor platforms enables disease detection and can be implemented in PoC mode.

Indexed as

AldehydesBiosensing TechniquesDiabetes MellitusKetonesLung NeoplasmsBiomarkersBreath TestsElectronic NoseExhalationHumansVolatile Organic CompoundsAldehydesBiomarkersKetonesVolatile Organic Compoundsaldehydesbiomarkersbiosensorsbreathelectronic noseketoneslung cancermolecularly imprinted polymersnanomaterialssensorsvolatile organic compounds

Identifiers

PMID41149320
PMCPMC12564711

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.