Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41149804›Full record

ArticleMethods and protocols2025

A Practical Guide to Developing and Troubleshooting Patient-Derived "Mini-Gut" Colorectal Organoids for Clinical Research.

Rex Devasahayam Arokia Balaya, Zahra Heydari, Gobinda Sarkar, Estela Mariel Cruz Garcia, Jose M de Hoyos-Vega, Eugene Krueger, Lauren Helgeson, Alexander Revzin, Alexandra Ros, Akhilesh Pandey and 1 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods and protocols, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Rex Devasahayam Arokia BalayaDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9556-3150
Zahra HeydariDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Gobinda SarkarDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Estela Mariel Cruz GarciaSchool of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, PR 00921, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-2013-5256
Jose M de Hoyos-VegaPhysiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7537-1090
Eugene KruegerDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1171-9075
Lauren HelgesonDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Alexander RevzinPhysiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
Alexandra RosThe Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Akhilesh PandeyDepartment of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9943-6127
Lisa BoardmanDepartment of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

Funding

PILOT AND FEASIBILTY PROGRAMP30DK084567 · NIDDK · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI GREGORY J. GORES · 2009 to 2026
$22.2M
Jacqueline and Kyle Curtiss and by the Mayo Clinic Center for Individualized Medicine and the Clinical Core of the Mayo Clinic Center for Cell Signaling in Gastroenterology P30DK084567NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK084567
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Patient-derived organoids (PDOs) have emerged as powerful tools in personalized medicine applicable to both non-malignant conditions and to cancer, where they are increasingly used for personalized drug screening and precision treatment strategies in part due to their ability to replicate tumor heterogeneity. They also serve as study model systems to understand disease mechanisms, pathways, and the impact of ex vivo exposures. We present a detailed step-by-step protocol for generating organoids from normal crypts, polyps, and tumors, including methods for tissue processing, crypt isolation, culture establishment, and the transition from basolateral to apical-out polarity for co-culture and exposure-based studies. The protocol also includes immunofluorescence staining procedures for cellular characterization and quality control measures. Our standardized approach successfully generates organoids from diverse colorectal tissues with high efficiency and reproducibility. This comprehensive guide addresses common technical challenges and provides troubleshooting strategies to improve success rates across different sample types. We believe that this resource will enhance reproducibility in organoid research and expand their utility in translational applications, particularly for personalized medicine approaches in colorectal cancer.

Indexed as

colorectal cancerpatient-derived organoidsthree-dimensional culture (3D)

Identifiers

PMID41149804
PMCPMC12566426

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.