Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41152441›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2026

Structural immunity: immune cells as architects of tissue barriers.

Alaz Ozcan, Tommaso Vicanolo, Veronique Angeli, Yuval Rinkevich, Andrés Hidalgo

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Alaz Ozcan *Department of Immunobiology, Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. alaz.oezcan2@uzh.ch.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9442-4493
Tommaso Vicanolo *Program of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
Veronique AngeliImmunology Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Yuval RinkevichChinese Institutes for Medical Research, Institute of Regenerative Biology and Medicine, Beijing, China.
Andrés HidalgoDepartment of Immunobiology, Program of Vascular Biology and Therapeutics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. andres.hidalgo@yale.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5513-555X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The concept of structural immunity, as defined in this Perspective, posits that the first line of immune defence against foreign agents and tissue damage involves the preventative, physical reinforcement of tissue barriers and that this fundamental task can be directly or indirectly regulated by immune cells. Indeed, several types of leukocytes can help build protective barriers when required, potentially either by depositing matrix components themselves in certain circumstances or, more generally, by interactions with canonical structural cells and the existing extracellular matrix. This concept of structural functions of immune cells challenges the rigidity with which mammalian tissue organization and immune defence have been traditionally compartmentalized. Although there is strong momentum in the evidence for structural immunity that has been acquired so far, the field lacks a comprehensive overview of these data as well as a critical evaluation of this concept. Here, we place independent findings from several groups into a working model of immune cells as the architects of tissue barriers, to present a framework on which new concepts and findings in this area can develop.

Indexed as

Immune SystemLeukocytesAnimalsExtracellular MatrixHumans

Identifiers

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.