ReviewMedicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)2025
TMAO and Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Its Potential as a Biomarker.
Review in Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Gut Microbiome-Hormone Interactions and Precision Fermentation in the Prevention of Early Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multi-Omics and Artificial Intelligence in Cardiovascular Medicine: From Mechanistic Insights to Clinical Translation.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- The essential role of hydrogen gas recycling by gut microbes in reducing deuterium load in host mitochondria: is trimethylamine oxide a deuterium sensor?Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2026Review
- Time Exposure and Fat Mass Reduction Drive Trimethylamine N-Oxide Modulation During a Very-Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) in Women with Obesity.Metabolites · 2026Article
- Dietary Nutrients, Gut Microbiota, and Cardiac Function: From Metabolic Mechanisms to Clinical Applications.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota dysbiosis-induced chronic inflammation as a driver of atherosclerosis: cellular crosstalk and host-microbe interactions.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Gut metabolites: key factors in the cross-talk between the gut microbiota and tumor immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular disease: mechanisms, disease-specific roles, and translational opportunities.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The influence of a plant-based diet on the composition and functions of the human gut microbiota: a review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Classification of intestinal inflammation driven by gut microbiota metabolites: a new paradigm for precision treatment of cardiovascular diseases.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- ILC imbalance - a new piece in the gut-kidney axis puzzle.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gut microbiota has increasingly been shown to exert effects beyond the gastrointestinal tract, some of which are mediated through its metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)-a compound converted by gut bacteria from dietary choline found predominantly in animal products that is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, a significant gap persists in human clinical trials assessing its potential causal role. This narrative review aims to present the current understanding of the gut microbiome, TMAO, and their relationship with CVD, while proposing future directions that may support the use of TMAO as a biomarker and guide potential interventions to reduce its harmful impact. Both animal and human studies have demonstrated a link between TMAO and CVD, with animal studies also indicating a causal effect-showing increased cardiovascular risk following TMAO administration and reduced risk when TMAO is eliminated. While direct extrapolation from animal models to humans is limited due to biological differences, these findings offer a foundation for the development of well-designed clinical trials in human populations. Although direct approaches to target TMAO-such as trimethylamine (TMA) lyase inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) therapy-have shown promising results in animal studies, they have yet to be investigated in human trials, leaving indirect strategies such as dietary changes and probiotics as the only currently available options.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.