Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41156497›Full record

Trial reportNutrients2025

Regular or Irregular Breakfast Skipping Suppresses the Vascular Endothelial Function of the Brachial Artery.

Hideaki Kashima, Yui Morinaka, Kano Endo, Mizuki Sugimoto, Naho Nagao, Ryota Mabuchi, Masako Yamaoka Endo, Naomi Kashima, Yasuhiko Kitadai, Akira Miura and 1 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Hideaki KashimaDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.ORCID 0000-0001-8787-9203
Yui MorinakaDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
Kano EndoDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
Mizuki SugimotoDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
Naho NagaoDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
Ryota MabuchiFaculty of Bioresource Science, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara 727-0023, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-6911-9865
Masako Yamaoka EndoDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
Naomi KashimaFaculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Shudo University, Hiroshima 731-3195, Japan.
Yasuhiko KitadaiDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.ORCID 0000-0002-8743-3815
Akira MiuraDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.
Yoshiyuki FukubaDepartment of Exercise Science and Physiology, School of Health Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8558, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science 23K10832
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHabitual breakfast skipping is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cardiometabolic diseases. However, the effects of skipping breakfast regularly versus irregularly on vascular endothelial function (VEF), a key marker of cardiovascular health, remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of eight-Day regular or irregular breakfast skipping on brachial artery VEF in healthy habitual breakfast eaters using a three-condition, randomized controlled crossover trial.

methodsTen young healthy adults (seven females, three males) completed three randomized nine-Day trials: (1) Eat (three meals per day), (2) Skip (breakfast skipped on days 1-8, consumed on Day 9), and (3) Eat/Skip (alternating breakfast consumption and skipping). Flow-mediated dilation (FMD) of the right brachial artery was assessed at 7:45-55 am on days 1, 2, 5, and 9, expressed as the percentage change in the brachial artery diameter normalized to the shear rate area under the curve (Δ%FMD/SR

resultsOn Day 9, the Skip and Eat/Skip trials had significantly lower %FMD/SR

conclusionsThese findings suggest that both regular and irregular breakfast skipping may impair early morning VEF, possibly through alterations in glucose metabolism, whereas regular breakfast consumption may help preserve VEF and support cardiovascular health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinical Trial Registry: University Hospital Medical Information Network (UMIN000053117, registered 20 December 2023).

Indexed as

Brachial ArteryBreakfastEndothelium, VascularFeeding BehaviorAdultBlood GlucoseCross-Over StudiesFemaleHumansInsulinInsulin ResistanceIntermittent FastingMalePostprandial PeriodVasodilationYoung AdultBlood GlucoseInsulinbreakfast skippingendothelial functionfree fatty acidinsulinpostprandial hyperglycemia

Identifiers

PMID41156497
PMCPMC12567474

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.