Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41156547›Full record

ArticleNutrients2025

Ultra-Processed Food Consumption and Subclinical Cardiac Biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of U.S. Adults in NHANES 2001-2004.

Jiahuan Helen He, Shutong Du, Valerie K Sullivan, Lauren Bernard, Vanessa Garcia-Larsen, Eurídice Martínez-Steele, Ana Luiza Curi Hallal, Julia A Wolfson, Mika Matsuzaki, Amelia S Wallace and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrients, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jiahuan Helen HeWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Shutong DuWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Valerie K SullivanWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2321-0188
Lauren BernardWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5747-3747
Vanessa Garcia-LarsenProgram in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Eurídice Martínez-SteeleDepartment of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-904, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0002-2907-3153
Ana Luiza Curi HallalDepartamento de Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, Brazil.ORCID 0000-0003-4761-0001
Julia A WolfsonProgram in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Mika MatsuzakiProgram in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Amelia S WallaceWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Mary R RooneyWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5607-4848
Michael FangWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
John W McEvoyNational Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, School of Medicine, University of Galway, H91 FF68 Galway, Ireland.
Elizabeth SelvinWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Casey M RebholzWelch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5442-8745

Funding

Discovery, Replication, and Validation of Biomarkers of the DASH Diet and HypertensionR01HL153178 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI REBHOLZ, CASEY MARIE · 2021 to 2024
$3.1M
Research and Mentoring in the Clinical Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Disease and Type 2 DiabetesK24HL152440 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI SELVIN, ELIZABETH · 2020 to 2024
$612k
NHLBI NIH HHS K24 HL152440NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL153178NIH HHS 1R01HL153178-04
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesUltra-processed food consumption has been shown to be linked with clinical cardiovascular disease. This study aims to examine the associations of ultra-processed food consumption with biomarkers for subclinical-level myocardial damage [high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I and T (hs-cTnI and hs-cTnT)] and myocardial stretch (NT-proBNP) in U.S. adults.

methodsWe used data from 6615 U.S. adults aged ≥20 years without prevalent cardiovascular disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2004. We identified ultra-processed food by applying the Nova classification to dietary recall data, and we divided participants into quartiles based on their consumption, expressed as a proportion of total daily energy (%kcal) and gram intakes (%grams). We defined elevated cardiac biomarkers as hs-cTnI > 12 ng/L in men and >10 ng/L in women, hs-cTnT ≥ 14 ng/L for all participants, and NT-proBNP ≥ 125 pg/mL for age < 75 y and ≥450 pg/mL for age ≥ 75 y. We used multivariable logistic regression with adjustment for socio-demographic, total energy intake, behavioral, and clinical characteristics.

resultsHigher ultra-processed food intake in %grams was associated with elevated NT-proBNP [odds ratio (OR) for quartile 4 vs. 1: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.00-1.61] when socio-demographic characteristics and total energy intake were adjusted for, but this was not the case with hs-cTnI or hs-cTnT. Further adjusting for clinical characteristics attenuated the association with NT-proBNP (OR: 1.26, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.61). There was no consistent association between ultra-processed food in %kcal and elevated NT-proBNP, hs-cTnT, or hs-cTnI.

conclusionsUltra-processed food consumption is associated with subclinical myocardial stretch, a precursor to early heart failure. This supports the potential risks of subclinical cardiovascular disease associated with consuming ultra-processed food.

Indexed as

Cardiovascular DiseasesDietFast FoodsAdultAgedBiomarkersCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFood, ProcessedHumansMaleMiddle AgedNatriuretic Peptide, BrainNutrition SurveysPeptide FragmentsTroponin IBiomarkersNatriuretic Peptide, BrainPeptide Fragmentspro-brain natriuretic peptide (1-76)Troponin ITroponin Tcardiac troponinNT-proBNPsubclinical myocardial stretchultra-processed food

Identifiers

PMID41156547
PMCPMC12566985

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.