Stability and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Reuterin and Bacteriocins (Microcin J25, Nisin Z, and Pediocin PA-1) in Chitosan- and Carboxymethyl-Cellulose-Based Hydrogels.

Samira Soltani, Muriel Subirade, Eric Biron, Christophe Cordella, Gabriel Romondetto, Ismail Fliss

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Samira SoltaniCanadian Research Institute for Food Safety, Department of Food Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.

Muriel SubiradeFood Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

Eric BironInstitute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-8030-6741

Christophe CordellaFood Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.ORCID 0000-0001-6907-5252

Gabriel RomondettoCoopérative Agropur, 4700 Rue Armand Frappier, Saint-Hubert, QC J3Z 1G5, Canada.

Ismail FlissFood Science Department, Food and Agriculture Faculty, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.

Funding

Natural Sciences and Engineering Research (NSERC) and International Development Research Center (CRDI). IRCPJ 499946-15.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Traditional chemical-based sanitizers pose risks to health and the environment, highlighting the need for safer natural alternatives. We developed biocompatible hydrogels from carbohydrate-based biopolymers, chitosan (1.5% and 2.5%), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC, 3% and 5%), each incorporating one of four antimicrobials: microcin J25, nisin Z, pediocin PA-1, or reuterin. Hydrogels were prepared by dissolving the polymers in aqueous solution and incorporating antimicrobials before gelation. The formulations were characterized using viscosity measurements, antimicrobial assays, and stability testing over 28 days of storage at room temperature (23-25 °C). Chitosan hydrogels with microcin J25 maintained strong activity against

Indexed as

bacteriocinschitosanCMChydrogelreuterinsanitizers

Identifiers

PMID41156708

DOI10.3390/microorganisms13102249

PMCPMC12566303

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.