Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41156721›Full record

ArticleMicroorganisms2025

Shigeru Fujimura, Masato Kawamura, Yurina Tamura

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microorganisms, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Trial
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Shigeru FujimuraDivision of Clinical Infectious Diseases & Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
Masato KawamuraDivision of Clinical Infectious Diseases & Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.
Yurina TamuraDivision of Clinical Infectious Diseases & Chemotherapy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai 981-8558, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Postbiotics are increasingly incorporated into functional foods and supplements due to their potential health benefits, particularly immune modulation. However, the mechanisms by which these products influence antiviral immunity remain incompletely understood. Type I interferons, especially interferon-α (IFN-α), are central mediators of early antiviral defense, acting primarily through the activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). Five commercially available postbiotic products containing heat-killed bacterial strains were evaluated for their ability to stimulate pDCs and induce IFN-α production. Bacterial uptake by pDCs was analyzed using confocal microscopy with Z-stack imaging, and IFN-α levels were quantified by ELISA. Among the tested strains, only

Indexed as

antiviral immunityinterferon-αLactococcus lactis Plasmaplasmacytoid dendritic cellspostbiotics

Identifiers

PMID41156721
PMCPMC12566558

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.