Evidence mapPaperPMID 41157147Full record

ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2025

The Role of Probiotics and Their Postbiotic Metabolites in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome.

Monika E Jach, Ewa Sajnaga, Marharyta Bumbul, Anna Serefko, Kinga K Borowicz, Hieronim Golczyk, Marek Kieliszek, Adrian Wiater

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Monika E JachDepartment of Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-4932-3260
Ewa SajnagaDepartment of Biomedicine and Environmental Research, Medical Faculty, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-4179-1948
Marharyta BumbulMedical Faculty, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0009-0002-0761-5502
Anna SerefkoDepartment of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki Street 1, 20-093 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5732-8950
Kinga K BorowiczIndependent Unit of Experimental Neuropathophysiology, Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-1574-1974
Hieronim GolczykDepartment of Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów Street 1I, 20-708 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0001-6981-2144
Marek KieliszekDepartment of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska Street 159C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.ORCID 0000-0002-5836-4865
Adrian WiaterDepartment of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, ul. Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-1433-3634

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Post-COVID-19 syndrome, also known as long-COVID, is characterized by a wide spectrum of persistent symptoms involving multiple body organs and systems, including fatigue, gastrointestinal disorders, and neurocognitive dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis and disruption of the gut-brain axis play a central role in the pathophysiology of this condition. Probiotics and their metabolites (postbiotics) have gained increasing attention as potential therapeutic agents given their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of the antiviral mechanisms of probiotics, including reinforcement of intestinal epithelial barrier function, direct virus inhibition, receptor competition, and immune system modulation. Special emphasis is placed on short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and bacteriocins as key factors that contribute to these effects. SCFAs appear to be essential postbiotic compounds during post-COVID recovery. We also highlight recent clinical trials involving specific probiotic species, such as

Indexed as

Gastrointestinal MicrobiomePost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeProbioticsSARS-CoV-2Brain-Gut AxisFatty Acids, VolatileHumansNeuropsychological TestsVirus ReplicationFatty Acids, Volatileantiviral mechanismsgut–brain axisgut–lung axislong COVIDmicrobiotapost-acute COVID-19 syndromepostbioticspost-COVIDprobioticsSARS-CoV-2SCFAs

Identifiers

PMID41157147
PMCPMC12566607

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.