Evidence mapPaperPMID 41157239Full record

ReviewLife (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Invisible Links: Associations Between Micronutrient Deficiencies and Postpartum Depression-A Systematic Review.

Charalampos Voros, Ioakeim Sapantzoglou, Diamantis Athanasiou, Despoina Mavrogianni, Kyriakos Bananis, Antonia Athanasiou, Aikaterini Athanasiou, Georgios Papadimas, Charalampos Tsimpoukelis, Athanasios Gkirgkinoudis and 12 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Life (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

22 authors.

Charalampos Voros1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-9477-7619
Ioakeim Sapantzoglou1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-7760-0608
Diamantis AthanasiouIVF Athens Reproduction Center V. Athanasiou, 15123 Maroussi, Greece.
Despoina Mavrogianni1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Kyriakos BananisKing's College Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London SE5 9RS, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7563-4305
Antonia AthanasiouIVF Athens Reproduction Center V. Athanasiou, 15123 Maroussi, Greece.
Aikaterini AthanasiouIVF Athens Reproduction Center V. Athanasiou, 15123 Maroussi, Greece.
Georgios PapadimasAthens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Charalampos Tsimpoukelis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Athanasios Gkirgkinoudis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1376-7895
Ioannis PapapanagiotouAthens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-9723-5054
Dimitrios VaitsisAthens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Aristotelis-Marios Koulakmanidis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Sofia IvanidouAthens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Anahit J StepanyanAthens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.
Maria Anastasia Daskalaki1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Nikolaos Thomakos1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.
Marianna Theodora1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8280-7796
Panagiotis Antsaklis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-2106-5922
Fotios ChatzinikolaouLaboratory of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitrios LoutradisAthens Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-8686-594X
Georgios Daskalakis1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 'Alexandra' General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 80 Vasilissis Sofias Avenue, 11528 Athens, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-7108-211X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFollowing childbirth, up to 20% of women may have postpartum depression (PPD), which can adversely affect the mother's health, the infant's development, and familial connections. Numerous causes exist, although recent research indicates that micronutrient shortages are modifiable biological factors. This systematic review aims to consolidate existing knowledge regarding the relationship between micronutrient levels and the risk of PPD.

methodsThis review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered with PROSPERO. We reviewed every study published up to 1 April 2025, on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria. We employed the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale to assess bias.

resultsNineteen studies were included in the analysis. Vitamin D was the most extensively researched vitamin. The majority of the studies (9 out of 13) identified a significant correlation between low serum 25(OH)D levels and PPD symptoms. Individuals with diminished levels of vitamin B12 and zinc had an elevated risk of PPD. There was insufficient evidence for folate, magnesium, iron, and selenium. This was frequently due to methodological discrepancies, insufficient control of confounding variables, and variations in biomarker timing. The majority of the studies exhibit a low to moderate likelihood of bias.

conclusionsIncreasing evidence suggests that deficiencies in specific micronutrients, particularly vitamin D, vitamin B12, and zinc, may contribute to the onset of postpartum depression. The results indicate that targeted nutritional screening and management may be beneficial in perinatal mental health care, notwithstanding the inability to ascertain the exact causative factors. There is a necessity for more rigorous longitudinal investigations and randomised trials to enhance our understanding of processes and assist physicians in making informed judgements.

Indexed as

folic acidironmagnesiummaternal healthmicronutrientsnutritionpostpartum depressionprenatalseleniumsystematic reviewvitamin B12vitamin Dzinc

Identifiers

PMID41157239
PMCPMC12565379

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.