Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41157582›Full record

ReviewViruses2025

Insights into Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Reservoirs in Chronic Long COVID.

Swayam Prakash, Sweta Karan, Yassir Lekbach, Delia F Tifrea, Cesar J Figueroa, Jeffrey B Ulmer, James F Young, Greg Glenn, Daniel Gil, Trevor M Jones and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Viruses, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Swayam PrakashLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3986-890X
Sweta KaranLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Yassir LekbachLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Delia F TifreaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Cesar J FigueroaDepartment of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
Jeffrey B UlmerDepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USA.
James F YoungDepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USA.
Greg GlennDepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USA.
Daniel GilDepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USA.
Trevor M JonesDepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USA.
Robert R RedfieldDepartment of Vaccines and Immunotherapies, TechImmune LLC, University Lab Partners, Irvine, CA 92660, USA.
Lbachir BenMohamedLaboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-9468-2521

Funding

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases AI158060NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI158060
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Long COVID (LC), also known as post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 infection (PASC), is a heterogeneous and debilitating chronic disease that currently affects 10 to 20 million people in the U.S. and over 420 million people globally. With no approved treatments, the long-term global health and economic impact of chronic LC remains high and growing. LC affects children, adolescents, and healthy adults and is characterized by over 200 diverse symptoms that persist for months to years after the acute COVID-19 infection is resolved. These symptoms target twelve major organ systems, causing dyspnea, vascular damage, cognitive impairments ("brain fog"), physical and mental fatigue, anxiety, and depression. This heterogeneity of LC symptoms, along with the lack of specific biomarkers and diagnostic tests, presents a significant challenge to the development of LC treatments. While several biological abnormalities have emerged as potential drivers of LC, a causative factor in a large subset of patients with LC, involves reservoirs of virus and/or viral RNA (vRNA) that persist months to years in multiple organs driving chronic inflammation, respiratory, muscular, cognitive, and cardiovascular damages, and provide continuous viral antigenic stimuli that overstimulate and exhaust CD4

Indexed as

COVID-19Persistent InfectionSARS-CoV-2AnimalsChronic DiseaseDisease ReservoirsHumansPost-Acute COVID-19 SyndromeRNA, ViralRNA, Virallong COVIDpersistentviral RNA reservoirsvirus reservoirs

Identifiers

PMID41157582
PMCPMC12568064

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.