Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41159546›Full record

ArticleHealth policy and planning2026

Impact of integrated care models on inpatient costs and health services efficiency: evidence from a difference-in-differences analysis in China.

Xuezhu Li, Wensu Zhou, Hui Zhang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health policy and planning, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xuezhu LiSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China.ORCID 0000-0003-1958-6761
Wensu ZhouSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4517-5504
Hui ZhangSchool of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 74, Zhongshan 2nd Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510080, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5833-5020

Funding

Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation 2023A1515011725National Natural Science Foundation of China 72274225
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Integrated care effectively addresses challenges like high costs and low efficiency in healthcare. This paper investigates the impact of integrated care models in urban China on inpatient costs and health services efficiency, and explores variations by age category, chronic disease status, and healthcare institution. Data is sourced from the insurance claims database in Guangzhou (2012-2015). Seven integrated care models are introduced at different times during the study period. The propensity score matching with staggered difference-in-differences approach is employed to examine the effects of integrated care models on inpatient costs [total inpatient costs and out-of-pocket (OOP) spending] and health services efficiency [length of stay (LOS)]. After matching, 147 healthcare institutions are included, with 44 in the intervention group and 103 in the control group. There are 1721 institution-month-level observations in the intervention group and 3746 observations in the control group. Integrated care models reduce total inpatient costs (6.6%), OOP spending (17.3%), and LOS (3.3%) across all healthcare institutions. For patients aged ≥60 years receiving care in primary/secondary care institutions, there are notable decreases in total inpatient costs, OOP spending, and LOS. However, for patients aged ≥60 years in tertiary care institutions, integrated care models do not significantly affect these three outcomes. Additionally, patients with chronic diseases in primary/secondary care institutions also experience reductions in total inpatient costs, OOP spending, and LOS. Integrated care models in urban China contribute to lower inpatient costs and higher health services efficiency, particularly for older adults and patients with chronic diseases who are receiving care in primary/secondary care institutions. These findings have important policy implications for the implementation of integrated care models in urban China.

Indexed as

Delivery of Health Care, IntegratedHospital CostsHospitalizationAdolescentAdultAgedChinaChronic DiseaseFemaleHealth ExpendituresHumansInpatientsLength of StayMaleMiddle AgedChinadifference-in-differenceshealth services efficiencyinpatient costsintegrated carelength of stay

Identifiers

PMID41159546
PMCPMC12906767

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.