Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41160028›Full record

Trial reportJAMA network open2025

Exposure to Household Air Pollution From Biomass Cooking and Severe Pneumonia in Infants.

John P McCracken, Eric D McCollum, Kyle Steenland, Laura Nicolaou, Miles A Kirby, Laura M Grajeda, Ghislaine Rosa, Alexie Mukeshimana, Florein Ndagijimana, Kalpana Balakrishnan and 26 more

Abstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in JAMA network open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

36 authors.

John P McCrackenDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens.
Eric D McCollumGlobal Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Kyle SteenlandGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Laura NicolaouCenter for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Miles A KirbyDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
Laura M GrajedaDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens.
Ghislaine RosaDepartment of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
Alexie MukeshimanaEagle Research Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Florein NdagijimanaEagle Research Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Kalpana BalakrishnanDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Gurusamy ThangavelDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Sarada S GargDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Sankar SambandamDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Krishnendu MukhopadhyayDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Vigneswari AravindalochananDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Anaité Díaz-ArtigaCenter for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Adly CastañazaDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Lisa M ThompsonDepartment of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco.
Marilú ChiangBiomedical Research Unit, A.B. PRISMA, Lima, Peru.
Stella M HartingerFacultad de Salud Pública y Administración, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.
Suzanne M SimkovichGlobal Program in Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, Eudowood Division of Pediatric Respiratory Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Lance A WallerDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Howard H ChangDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Shirin JabbarzadehDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Jiantong WangDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Yunyun ChenDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Luke P NaeherDepartment of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens.
Ajay PillarisettiDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley.
Michael JohnsonBerkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, California.
Kendra N WilliamsCenter for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Lindsay J UnderhillCardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri.
Aris T PapageorghiouNuffield Department of Women's and Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Thomas F ClasenGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia.
Jennifer L PeelDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins.
William CheckleyCenter for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) Investigators

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Importance: Household air pollution from biomass cooking is considered an important risk factor for child pneumonia. Objective: To evaluate the longitudinal association between exposure to particulate matter with a diameter of less than or equal to 2.5 µm (PM2.5) or carbon monoxide (CO) and severe pneumonia in infants. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cohort study included infants (aged ≤12 months) whose mothers participated in a 4-country randomized clinical trial. Conducted from May 2018 to September 2021, the trial tested whether an 18-month liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel distribution intervention reduced the incidence of severe pneumonia in offspring during infancy when compared with biomass cooking. The trial was conducted in communities where residents cooked primarily with biomass fuels in Guatemala, India, Peru, and Rwanda. Data analysis was conducted from December 2024 to July 2025. Exposures: Twenty-four hour personal exposure to PM2.5 and CO was measured 3 times during pregnancy and 3 times during infancy. Main Outcome and Measures: In this exposure-response analysis, severe pneumonia cases were identified using respiratory signs and symptoms with confirmation of consolidation by imaging and hypoxemia by pulse oximetry. The longitudinal association between severe pneumonia in infants and PM2.5 or CO exposures by infant-quarters, adjusted for confounders, was modeled. Results: Overall, 3061 infants (48.2% girls; mean [SD] gestational age at birth, 39.3 [1.7] weeks) contributed 11 996 infant-quarters and 13 910 measurements of personal PM2.5 exposures (range, 5.4-1182.0 µg/m3). A total of 175 episodes of severe pneumonia were identified in 160 infants. Those with at least 1 episode of severe pneumonia had similar mean (SD) prenatal (101 [100] µg/m3 vs 88 [80] µg/m3; P = .11) and postnatal (70 [78] µg/m3 vs 67 [93] µg/m3; P = .68) PM2.5 exposures when compared with infants without severe pneumonia. There were no associations between prenatal (adjusted risk ratio [RR], 1.03; 95% CI, 0.94-1.13) or postnatal (adjusted RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.87-1.09) PM2.5 exposures and severe pneumonia or between CO exposures and severe pneumonia. Conclusions and Relevance: In this cohort study with exposure-response analysis, there was no evidence of an association between longitudinal PM2.5 or CO exposures and severe pneumonia in infants. Taken with the intention-to-treat analysis from the randomized clinical trial, these results challenge prior research suggesting that PM2.5 or CO exposures from biomass cooking are an important risk factor for severe pneumonia in infants.

Indexed as

Air Pollution, IndoorCookingEnvironmental ExposurePneumoniaBiomassCarbon MonoxideCohort StudiesFemaleGuatemalaHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleParticulate MatterPeruPregnancyCarbon MonoxideParticulate Matter

Identifiers

PMID41160028
PMCPMC12573034

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.