ArticleBMC public health2025
Emotional contagion, anxiety, and depression during COVID-19: a survey from Egypt.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Correction: Emotional contagion, anxiety, and depression during COVID-19: a survey from Egypt.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Revision of the perceived parental-educational-anxiety scale and its application among Chinese college freshmen.PloS one · 2026Article
- Factors associated with depression in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: findings from The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly impacted mental health worldwide, exacerbating anxiety and depression, and influencing adherence to public health measures.
objectivesTo measure the frequency and demographic determinants of anxiety, depression, and emotional contagion among Egyptians during the pandemic from May to August 2020.
methodsThe study employed a cross-sectional web-based survey that specifically targeted 666 Egyptians from four different regions. A validated Arabic questionnaire was used to assess anxiety using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scale, depression using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and emotional contagion using the Emotional Contagion Scale (ECS), along with demographic variables.
resultsAnxiety (GAD ≥ 5) was observed in 66.7% (95%CI, 63.1%:70.1%) of participants, with severe anxiety (14.8%). Depression (PHQ-9 ≥ 5) affected 88.2% (95%CI, 85.7%:90.7%) of the participants, with severe depression affecting 17%. Females experienced higher rates of anxiety (74.3%, 95%CI = 70.0%:78.5%) and depression (91.1%, 95%CI = 88.3%:93.9%) than males (54.7%, 95%CI = 48.5%:60.8% and 83.6%, 95%CI = 79.0%:88.2%, respectively). Younger participants (< 35 years) and unemployed/students also showed significantly higher rates of anxiety (71.4%) and depression (92.7%). The ECS had a mean score of 44.2 (SD = 7.5), with the highest scores for happiness (9.8), love (9.6), and fear (8.3). ECS was significantly higher among females, urban residents, unmarried individuals, and university graduates.
conclusionThe high prevalence of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women, youth, unmarried individuals, and those facing socioeconomic vulnerabilities, underscores an urgent need for culturally sensitive and targeted public mental health interventions in Egypt. Strengthening accessible support systems, integrating mental health into primary care, and addressing social determinants of distress could mitigate the long-term psychological impact of the pandemic on vulnerable groups.
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