Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41163017›Full record

ArticleBMC endocrine disorders2025

Correlation between 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and remnant cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Luyan Zhang, Liyuan Gao, Yiqiong Shi, Cuixia Gao, Qian Guo, Limin Tian

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC endocrine disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Luyan ZhangThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
Liyuan GaoDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
Yiqiong ShiDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
Cuixia GaoDepartment of Health Management Centre, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital,University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610000, China.
Qian GuoDepartment of Geriatric Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China.
Limin TianThe First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730000, China. tlm6666@sina.com.

Funding

Gansu Provincial People's Hospital In-hospital Fund Program 21GSSYC-16Lanzhou Talent Innovation and Entrepreneurship Project Fund Program 2020-RC-51
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundRemnant cholesterol (RC) is an independent predictor of cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Concurrently, vitamin D deficiency is a recognized risk factor for developing T2DM. However, the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels and RC in patients with established T2DM remains incompletely elucidated. Specifically, potential non-linear relationships and modifications of this association by age and sex are unclear. This study investigates the relationship between 25(OH)D and RC in a cohort of 380 patients with T2DM.

methodsA total of 380 T2DM patients (283 men and 97 women) were evaluated. Demographic data were analyzed descriptively. Statistical tests assessed the association between 25(OH)D levels and RC, and piecewise linear regression was utilized to explore potential threshold effects.

resultsSpearman correlation analysis revealed that female gender was significantly associated with higher RC levels (ρ = 0.163, p = 0.002). Piecewise linear regression identified a threshold effect at 18.8 ng/mL: below this threshold, each 1 ng/mL increase in 25(OH)D was associated with a decrease in RC of 0.01 mmol/L (β = -0.01, 95% CI: -0.02 to -0.00); above this threshold, it was associated with an increase of 0.02 mmol/L (β = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.03).Age significantly modified this association (interaction p < 0.05), suggesting an age-dependent inversion of the effect of vitamin D on RC.

conclusionThis study demonstrates a complex, non-linear relationship between 25(OH)D levels and Remnant cholesterol in patients with type 2 diabetes. Age significantly modifies this relationship, suggesting that tailored interventions based on vitamin D status may be warranted to inform future interventional studies targeting RC modulation.

Indexed as

BiomarkersCholesterolDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Vitamin DVitamin D DeficiencyAdultAgedFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansLipoproteinsMaleMiddle AgedPrognosisRisk FactorsTriglycerides25-hydroxyvitamin DBiomarkersCholesterolLipoproteinsremnant-like particle cholesterolTriglyceridesVitamin D25-Hydroxyvitamin dAgeComplex relationshipNon-linear relationshipRemnant cholesterolThresholdType 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41163017
PMCPMC12574144

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.