ArticleBMC public health2025
Depression or anxiety disorder moderates the relationship between smoking status and e-cigarette use status: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) deliver nicotine by vaporizing nicotine-containing fluids without involving tobacco combustion and are available in various flavors. In 2021, the age-standardized prevalence of current e-cigarette use among U.S. adults was 6.9%, with nearly half of these individuals using e-cigarettes daily (Erhabor et al, JAMA Netw Open.6:e2340859, 2023). While there is a well-documented relationship between depressive and anxiety disorders and combustible cigarette smoking, less is known about how these mental health conditions relate to e-cigarette use. This study aimed to examine the role of depression or anxiety disorders as moderators of the relationship between smoking status and e-cigarette use among adults.
methodsThis cross-sectional study used data from the Health Information National Trend Survey (HINTS), Cycle 2, 2018, for secondary data analysis. The HINTS data are nationally representative of adults of adults living in the United States. The independent variable in this study was smoking status (current, former, or never smoked). The dependent variable was e-cigarette use status (current, former, or never). We used SPSS and the PROCESS macro for multinomial logistic regression, assessing e-cigarette use impacts from smoking status and mental health, with significance at p ≤ 0.05.
resultsThe logistic regression showed that smoking status, depression or anxiety, and their interaction predicted e-cigarette use better than chance (F(6, 2980) = 120.1, p < 0.001, R2 = 0.195). Smoking status was associated with increased odds of e-cigarette use (OR, 1.44; 95% CI 1.34–1.55). Depression or anxiety was also associated with increased odds of e-cigarette use (OR, 1.31; 95% CI 1.18–1.44). The interaction between smoking status and depression or anxiety was significant (b = -0.081, t(2980) = -3.85, p = 0.0001).
conclusionThis study showed that depression or anxiety disorders moderated the relationship between smoking status and e-cigarette use. These findings may inform the development of targeted, theory-based interventions aimed at reducing e-cigarette use among individuals with mental health conditions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.