ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Salivary gland macrophages in health and disease: heterogeneity, niche crosstalk, and therapeutic avenues.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Wnt/β -catenin signalling shapes macrophage behaviour during injury and repair in the mouse submandibular gland.Scientific reports · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Salivary glands (SGs) produce saliva essential for digestion, mucosal immunity, and as a source of non-invasive biomarkers. The health and pathology of SGs hinge upon a dynamic equilibrium between two core macrophage (Mφ) populations: long-lived, tissue-resident 'guardians' that maintain homeostasis, and short-lived, monocyte-derived 'sentinels' that mount rapid responses. This review posits an integrative framework wherein the disruption of this balance is a central pathogenic hub across diverse SG disorders, from autoimmunity to radiation-induced injury. We reconcile long-standing controversies over Mφ origins by proposing a 'developmental transition model' and highlighting the pivotal discovery of sexual dimorphism-a fundamental difference in Mφ maintenance between males and females. Drawing on advances in single-cell omics and spatial imaging, we redefine SG Mφ heterogeneity far beyond the M1/M2 paradigm, recasting them as critical 'communication hubs' within the neuro-epithelial-immune network. This new perspective inspires a paradigm shift in translational priorities, moving from broad immunosuppression towards precisely 'restoring ecological balance'. We prioritize therapeutic strategies such as selectively protecting guardian Mφs via transient Hedgehog pathway activation, and promoting regeneration through transplantation of engineered effective-mononuclear cells (E-MNCs), a strategy with emerging clinical validation. Furthermore, we survey the frontier of targeting tumour-associated Mφs and underscore the immense potential of developing non-invasive salivary biomarkers for immune monitoring, charting a course to bridge critical translational gaps.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.