ReviewFrontiers in immunology2025
Immune responses in retinal gene therapy: challenges, mechanisms, and future strategies.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- mRNA delivery to the retina restores REP1 function in choroideremia.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Gene Therapy Strategies for Uveal Melanoma: Adeno-associated Virus Delivery Challenges and Translational Opportunities.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- STUB1-induced polyubiquitination of SIK3 in alveolar type 2 epithelial cells alleviates severity and outcomes of acute lung injury.Cell death & disease · 2026Article
- Review
- Protection of GAP-43 gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on retinitis pigmentosa.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Optimizing stimulation parameters: transpalpebral and transbrain electrical stimulation for retinal protection in RCS rats.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retinal gene therapy has advanced significantly, offering potential treatments for inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) such as retinitis pigmentosa, which previously lacked effective interventions. Central to this progress are adeno-associated virus (AAV)-based delivery systems, which have become the primary platform for ocular gene therapy due to their favorable safety profile, ability to target specific retinal cell types, and long-lasting therapeutic effects. However, accumulating evidence reveals that even "immune-privileged" retinal microenvironments are not exempt from immune challenges, affecting both the safety and efficacy of these therapies. Both innate immune pathways and adaptive responses can induce intraocular inflammation, leading to reduced transgene expression and compromised treatment. Understanding how these immune mechanisms interact with therapeutic outcomes is crucial for developing effective intervention strategies. This review examines evidence from both animal models and human trials to explore how immune activation affects treatment efficacy across various delivery methods and vector designs. We also assess emerging strategies aimed at protecting retinal function while reducing systemic toxicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.