Evidence mapPaperPMID 41171908Full record

ArticleScience advances2025

A gastric retentive robotic capsule enables emergency-prepared and responsive oral drug delivery in canine models.

Hao Huang, Yunlong Fan, Zhenlin Chen, Huihui Hu, Yidan Lyu, Jia Xu, Jiahang Xu, Di Wu, Yuelong Liang, Qijiang Mao and 9 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Tissue-bioelectronics interfaces.Chemical Society reviews · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

19 authors.

Hao HuangDepartment of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.ORCID 0009-0008-6310-6132
Yunlong FanState Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.ORCID 0009-0000-7030-4171
Zhenlin ChenDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0003-2100-1363
Huihui HuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Yidan LyuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Jia XuState Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Delivery and Release Systems, School of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.ORCID 0009-0008-2618-1125
Jiahang XuKey Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.ORCID 0009-0002-6891-6771
Di WuKey Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2176-2691
Yuelong LiangDepartment of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.
Qijiang MaoDepartment of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310016, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2322-7385
Jun WangDepartment of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Haoyu ZhangDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Haoran FuDepartment of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
Yixin GuanCollege of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.ORCID 0000-0001-6983-7843
Jian ChenDepartment of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.
Kaichen XuState Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4957-3144
Ha Uk ChungSchool of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0003-3592-8944
Xinge YuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID 0000-0003-0522-1171
Kewang NanDepartment of Gastroenterology Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310000, Zhejiang, China.ORCID 0000-0002-2745-0656

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Existing oral drug delivery modalities often fall short in medical emergencies due to the absence of readily deployable, internalized drug storage and delivery mechanisms that combine long-term standby with rapid activation. To address this challenge, we develop and validate a gastric retentive robotic capsule capable of autonomously prepositioning multiple drug doses within the stomach upon oral administration. This system maintains quiescence for extended periods while enabling on-demand, remote-triggered drug release within seconds during emergencies. In a canine (beagle) model, we demonstrate safe gastric residence and functionality for at least 10 weeks, including closed-loop emergency drug delivery modulated by external or onboard biometric sensors for unsupervised symptom detection. At the end of its service life, the capsule can be safely excreted on-demand through the administration of an alkaline solution. These findings establish such a system as a paradigm for emergency-prepared and responsive drug delivery, particularly in vulnerable patient populations.

Indexed as

Drug Delivery SystemsRoboticsStomachAdministration, OralAnimalsCapsulesDogsDrug LiberationModels, AnimalCapsules

Identifiers

PMID41171908
PMCPMC12577687

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.