Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41171994›Full record

ArticleJournal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD2026

Racial and ethnic differences in the associations of sensory impairments with cognition in older United States adults.

Faaizah Arshad, Jayant M Pinto, Kristine Yaffe, Willa D Brenowitz

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Faaizah ArshadSchool of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8708-2544
Jayant M PintoSection of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
Kristine YaffeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Willa D BrenowitzDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Funding

National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: Round 5R01AG048511 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI LINDA J WAITE · 2014 to 2026
$49.5M
National Social Life, Health and Aging: Wave 4R01AG043538 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI LINDA J WAITE · 2013 to 2026
$42.7M
National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project: Anaylsis of Wave 1 and Wave 2R37AG030481 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI WAITE, LINDA J · 2008 to 2017
$15.4M
Pilot Program CoreP30ES027792 · NIEHS · UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO · PI Gokhan M. Mutlu, Gail S Prins · 2017 to 2026
$13.6M
National Social Life, Health and Aging Project (RMI)R01AG021487 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI WAITE, LINDA J · 2003 to 2007
$12.2M
NSHAP Wave II Partner Data CollectionR01AG033903 · NIA · NATIONAL OPINION RESEARCH CENTER · PI WAITE, LINDA J · 2009 to 2013
$5.8M
Sensory Impairments, Cognitive Decline, and Dementia: What Explains the Association?K01AG062722 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BRENOWITZ, WILLA DOMINO · 2019 to 2023
$652k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG062722NIA NIH HHS R01 AG021487NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033903NIA NIH HHS R01 AG043538NIA NIH HHS R01 AG048511NIA NIH HHS R37 AG030481NIEHS NIH HHS P30 ES027792
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BackgroundSensory impairments are associated with cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease risk.ObjectiveWe studied how sensory function and cognitive change varied by race/ethnicity in Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black (NHB), and non-Hispanic White (NHW) older US adults.MethodsWe studied 2799 individuals, 57-85 years-old, in the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project with baseline sensory and follow-up Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) information from 2005-2016. Hearing was interviewer-rated; vision, smell, taste, and touch were objectively measured. Senses were categorized (poor, moderate, normal); number of poor senses (impairment) was summed. Multivariable linear regressions evaluated the association between sensory impairments and cognition, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. We tested for differences by race/ethnicity using interaction terms.ResultsHispanic (n = 180) and NHB (n = 509) older adults had higher prevalence of ≥1 sensory impairments and lower cognition scores versus NHW respondents (n = 2110). Having multiple impairments significantly interacted with race/ethnicity such that estimates for the association with cognition was significantly lower for NHB versus NHW respondents (beta = -3.08, 95% CI: -5.14, -1.02; p = 0.004). Interactions were borderline significant for smell, where estimated difference in cognition associated with moderate (β=-0.91, 95% CI: -1.91, 0.10, p = 0.077) and poor (β=-1.33, 95% CI: -2.77, 0.11, p = 0.071) smell was lower for NHB versus NHW participants.ConclusionsOur findings suggest racial/ethnic differences in how strongly sensory impairments predict cognition, especially for number of impairments and possibly smell. Further insight may reduce disparities in cognitive aging.

Indexed as

CognitionCognitive DysfunctionEthnicitySensation DisordersAgedAged, 80 and overBlack or African AmericanFemaleHispanic or LatinoHumansMaleMental Status and Dementia TestsMiddle AgedUnited StatesWhiteWhite PeopleAlzheimer's diseasecognitionepidemiologysensory impairmentvision

Identifiers

PMID41171994
PMCPMC12799293

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.