ArticleNaunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology2026
The beneficial effects of empagliflozin-metformin combination on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Article in Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial disease closely associated with increased cardiovascular risk, involving insulin resistance (IR), dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and systemic inflammation. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, has shown cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Empagliflozin-Metformin combination on cardiovascular risk factors in T2DM patients. In this cross-sectional study, 124 participants were divided into three groups: healthy control group (n = 50), T2DM patients treated with metformin alone (Met group, n = 37), and T2DM patients treated with Empagliflozin-Metformin combination (Empa-Met group, n = 37). Serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, lipid profile, insulin, hs-CRP, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and free thiol groups (-SH) were measured. IR was assessed using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR), and cardiovascular risk was estimated using the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and lipid ratios. The Empa-Met group exhibited significantly higher FBG levels and lower levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL-C, triglycerides (TG), insulin, LDL/HDL, TC/HDL ratios, and HOMA-IR compared to the Met group. The Empa-Met group also showed significantly higher -SH levels and lower MDA levels compared to the Met group. Correlation analyses revealed significant correlations between oxidative stress markers, IR, and atherogenic indices. Empagliflozin-Metformin combination therapy may offer additional benefits over metformin monotherapy in improving lipid parameters, IR, and oxidative stress in T2DM patients. These findings support the potential cardioprotective role of empagliflozin and highlight the need for long-term interventional studies to confirm our results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
41175191What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.