Photobiomodulation in cardiovascular diseases: molecular mechanisms and pharmacological approaches to enhance the therapeutics effects of light.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is an emerging therapeutic strategy that uses light to modulate biological processes. In the context of cardiovascular diseases, its benefits include improved circulation, reduced oxidative stress, and tissue regeneration, making it a promising alternative for patients resistant to conventional treatments, such as hypertensive patients. This study highlights pharmacological strategies that can enhance the effects of PBM, such as the association with antioxidants, which neutralize reactive oxygen species (ROS) and protect the cardiovascular system against oxidative stress. In addition, there is evidence that the combination of PBM with coenzyme Q10 reduces inflammation, increases ATP production, and improves vasodilation. Another promising approach involves the use of compounds that block the extrusion or inhibit the degradation of cyclic GMP, an essential messenger for the vasodilatory response. Thus, these combinations can optimize the effects of PBM in cardiovascular diseases. However, further investigation is needed to validate these approaches and explore their clinical impact, enabling more effective and personalized therapies for patients with resistance to conventional treatments.