ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
The association between peripheral blood inflammatory markers and anti-VEGF treatment response in patients with type 2 diabetic macular edema.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Disproportionality analysis of off-label intravitreal bevacizumab in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System database.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2026Article
- Clinical and optical coherence tomography predictors of spontaneous resolution of diabetic macular edema: incremental value of the subfoveal large choroidal vessel layer thickness ratio.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Association between nutritional‑inflammatory status and diabetic retinopathy in adults with diabetes: insights from a US population‑based survey and a Chinese hospital‑based clinical cohort.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Research advances in the translational application of anti-VEGF combined with subthreshold micropulse laser therapy for refractory diabetic macular edema.American journal of translational research · 2026Review
- Comparative value of retinal structural features versus systemic inflammatory and renal indicators in predicting short-term anti-VEGF response in diabetic macular edema: focus on OCT biomarkers.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Blood Cell-Derived Inflammatory Indices in Diabetic Macular Edema: Clinical Significance and Prognostic Relevance.Biomedicines · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the correlation between serum inflammatory markers of patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and the efficacy of intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods: This was a single-center, prospective cohort study. Peripheral blood cell analysis was performed on 40 patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes complicated by DME, 40 healthy individuals, and 40 patients with confirmed type 2 diabetes without diabetic retinopathy. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and systemic immune-inflammation index [SII; (neutrophil count × platelet count)/lymphocyte count] were calculated. All patients with DME received three monthly intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF agents (ranibizumab). Correlation analyzes and linear regression models were used to investigate the relationships between systemic inflammatory markers and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT) before and after anti-VEGF treatment in DME patients. Results: The NLR, PLR, and SII values in the DME group differed significantly from those in both the healthy and non-diabetic retinopathy (NDR) groups. Significant differences in MLR values were observed between the healthy and NDR groups. After a 3-month follow-up (following three injections), BCVA and CMT showed significant improvement before and after anti-VEGF treatment in DME patients. However, there were no significant differences in NLR, PLR, and SII before and after anti-VEGF treatment. MLR was significantly different before and after treatment. BCVA in the DME group before anti-VEGF treatment was positively correlated with NLR, PLR, and SII. CMT before anti-VEGF treatment was positively correlated with NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII. NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII were significantly correlated with BCVA and CMT. In multivariate linear regression analysis, only NLR was significantly correlated with CMT. Conclusion: The efficacy of anti-VEGF in DME is correlated with serum inflammatory markers. Additionally, NLR, PLR, MLR, and SII may serve as potential markers for DME treatment decisions. The finding that NLR remained significant in the multivariate analysis highlights its potential value as a simple, accessible prognostic biomarker for stratifying patients who may respond suboptimally to anti-VEGF treatment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.