ArticleAdvances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences2025
Evaluation of Prescription Practices Using WHO/INRUD Indicators and Determinants of Polypharmacy at a Kenyan County Referral Hospital.
Article in Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Antibiotics Use Patterns in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review Analysis.Inquiry : a journal of medical care organization, provision and financingPooled it
- Evaluation of Prescription Practices Using WHO/INRUD Indicators and Determinants of Polypharmacy at a Kenyan County Referral Hospital.Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Improving treatment standards by auditing care quality using WHO and INRUD drug-use indicators is essential in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to assess prescription practices at KCRH General Outpatient Clinics and identify risk factors for polypharmacy. Methods: This retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study analyzed prescriptions dispensed in 2022 at the KCRH outpatient pharmacy. Using a stratified random sampling, prescriptions were reviewed using a WHO/INRUD-based data abstraction form. Core drug-use indicators were determined, and logistic regression analyses were performed using STATA Version 14. Results: Of the 920 prescriptions, 69.2% were for adults and 57.0% for females. Analgesics (32.3%) and antibiotics (29.0%) were most frequently prescribed. Overall, 84.1% of the prescriptions contained antibiotics, 8.7% injectables, 97.6% generics, and 95.6% were from the KEML. The mean number of drugs per prescription was 2.7. Antibiotic prescribing was associated with lower odds of polypharmacy (aOR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.10-0.42). Conclusion: Interventions to promote rational antibiotic use are necessary, including educating healthcare providers and patients about the risks of antibiotic overuse.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.