ReviewWorld journal of cardiology2025
Vasospastic angina: Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and emerging therapeutic approaches.
Review in World journal of cardiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamic Resolution of Coronary Vasospasm: The Clasp-Knife Sign.JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Review
- Successful use of levosimendan in managing refractory coronary vasospasm leading to recurrent cardiac arrests: a case report.European heart journal. Case reports · 2026Article
- Coronary Artery Spasm in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cardiac autonomic ganglion ablation for refractory coronary artery spasm after PCI: a case report.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Functional coronary vascular disease: endotype-based classification, diagnosis, and targeted management.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vasospastic angina (VSA) is a distinct endotype of ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries characterized by transient coronary artery spasm and myocardial ischemia in the absence of significant fixed stenosis. It is an underdiagnosed and often challenging condition that can lead to recurrent angina, myocardial infarction, and sudden cardiac death. VSA arises from a multifactorial interplay of endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle hyperreactivity, inflammation, and autonomic dysregulation. While calcium channel blockers and nitrates remain the mainstay of therapy, there is a growing body of evidence in the use of novel and emerging treatments including Rho-kinase inhibitors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and anti-inflammatory agents for refractory cases. Diagnostic evaluation relies on clinical features and, when necessary, invasive coronary pharmacological provocation testing. This narrative review examines the current understanding of VSA, discusses current international guideline-based diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, and highlights novel and investigational approaches that may broaden the treatment armamentarium against it.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.