ArticleACR open rheumatology2025
Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors and Risk of Serious Infections in Pregnant Women With Chronic Inflammatory Diseases.
Article in ACR open rheumatology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) are used by over 20% of pregnant women with chronic inflammatory diseases, which could further impede immune function and increase the risk of infections that require hospitalization. We assessed the risk of serious infections during pregnancy and postpartum between women exposed and unexposed to TNFi with chronic inflammatory diseases.
methodsUsing MarketScan, we identified pregnant women with chronic inflammatory diseases and modeled TNFi exposure during pregnancy and postpartum as a time-varying variable. Cox proportional hazards models estimated adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for TNFi and the risk of hospitalized infection.
resultsWe followed a total of 62,813 women who had 70,529 pregnancies and 69,412 births. Among these, 4,485 (7.1%) women were exposed to at least one TNFi prescription during pregnancy and 3,559 women during postpartum. Overall, 449 women were hospitalized for infection during pregnancy, including 31 pregnant women who were exposed to TNFi. During postpartum, 205 women had hospitalized infection, of which 17 women were TNFi-exposed. Compared with no TNFi exposure, TNFi treatment during pregnancy was associated with a HR of 1.39 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95-2.05) for serious infections, whereas the HR during postpartum was 1.22 (95% CI, 0.72-2.06).
conclusionIn this population-based study, we found no statistically significant association between TNFi exposure during pregnancy and serious infection risk. Although point estimates were higher for pregnant women exposed to TNFi, CIs were wide and included the null, indicating that an increased risk cannot be ruled out. Given the frequency of TNFi treatment for pregnant women, these results support continued investigation and may inform counseling regarding TNFi treatment during pregnancy and postpartum.
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Registered trials
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