Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41184356›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Comparative antimicrobial activity of Zataria multiflora essential oil nanoformulations against foodborne pathogens.

Saeede Forgi, Mahmoud Osanloo, Fatemeh Norouzi, Mohamad Hosein Amushahi, Elham Zarenezhad, Mehran Sayadi, Roghayeh Nejati

Abstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Saeede ForgiStudent Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Mahmoud OsanlooDepartment of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Fatemeh NorouziDepartment of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. fn.microbiology@yahoo.com.
Mohamad Hosein AmushahiStudent Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Elham ZarenezhadNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Mehran SayadiDepartment of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
Roghayeh NejatiDepartment of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Health, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran. f.s.h.rahanejati@gmail.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Foodborne diseases caused by microbial contamination, as a profound global health challenge, driving the search for natural antimicrobial compound. This study investigated the antimicrobial potential of Zataria multiflora essential oil (Z. multiflora EO) encapsulated in alginate nanoparticles (Alg-EO), chitosan nanoparticles (Chi-EO), and nanoemulsions (NE-EO) against major foodborne pathogens: Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). The nanoformulations were prepared using spontaneous emulsification and ionic gelation techniques and subsequently characterized for size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency via dynamic light scattering (DLS) and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Finally, the antibacterial activity of the nanoformulations was evaluated via the microdilution method. Results revealed that Chi-EO exhibited the smallest hydrodynamic diameter (129 nm) and highest negative zeta potential (− 37 mV), whereas Alg-EO and NE-EO measured 152 nm (− 28 mV) and 144 nm (24 mV), respectively. Notably, Chi-EO demonstrated strongest antimicrobial efficacy, with the lowest IC50 values against S. aureus (321 μg/mL), S. Typhimurium (460 μg/mL), E. coli (367 μg/mL), and P. aeruginosa (504 μg/mL). These findings highlight chitosan nanoparticles serve as an efficient delivery system for Z. multiflora EO, offering a natural and potent approach to improving food safety and extending shelf life.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsFoodborne DiseasesLamiaceaeNanoparticlesOils, VolatileChitosanEscherichia coliMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPlant OilsPseudomonas aeruginosaSalmonella typhimuriumStaphylococcus aureusAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsChitosanOils, VolatilePlant OilsAntimicrobial agentEssential oilNanotechnologyZataria multiflora

Identifiers

PMID41184356
PMCPMC12583708

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.