Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41184949›Full record

ArticleBMC pulmonary medicine2025

Risk factors of incident lung diseases and the impact of DMARDs in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a longitudinal study.

Guangcai Chen, Qing Zhang, Linyu Geng, Yaqi Zhang, Jun Liang, Ziyi Jin, Zhijie Qian, Xinqi Xu, Kexin Zhu, Qing Shu and 7 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pulmonary medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Guangcai Chen *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Qing Zhang *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Linyu GengDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Yaqi ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
Jun LiangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Ziyi JinDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Zhijie QianDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Xinqi XuDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Kexin ZhuDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Qing ShuDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Xiaojun TangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Huayong ZhangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Xuebing FengDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Hongwei ChenDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China.
Dandan Wang *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. dandanwangffd@nju.edu.cn.
Lingyun Sun *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. lingyunsun@nju.edu.cn.
Wei Shen *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210008, China. shenweiqh@163.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8563-2036

Funding

Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University 2021-LCYJ-DBZ-02Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University 2021-LCYJ-PY-37Clinical Trials from the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University 2022-YXZX-MY-02Jiangsu Medical Innovation Team (Leading Talents) Project CXTDA2017041Nanjing Health Technology Development Fund Project ZKX21016Youth Development Program from Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital 2022-JCYJ-QP-04
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveWe aimed to investigate the impact of clinical characteristics and therapy on rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-related lung diseases.

methodsThe retrospective cohort consisted of 1,207 inpatients at baseline. RA-related lung diseases included interstitial lung disease (ILD), bronchiectasis, pleural effusion, and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Kaplan-Meier method was used to measure the cumulative incidence curve. Cox regression was conducted to evaluate the associations between RA-related lung diseases and risk indicators. Logistic regression was employed to examine the impact of drugs.

resultsThe study identified 145 cases of RA-related lung diseases (34.2/1,000 person-years; 95% CI: 28.6–39.7) and 98 RA-ILD cases (22.5/1,000 person-years; 95% CI: 18.0–26.9) over 3.5 years. The cumulative incidence of RA-related lung diseases increased continuously over time, accelerating after 10 years of RA and age 55. RA-related lung diseases was independently associated with older age at RA onset (per 10 years, hazard ratio [HR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04–1.42), longer RA duration (per 10 years, HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.15–1.77), higher Rheumatic Disease Comorbidity Index (HR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08–1.39), prior pulmonary infections (HR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.58–3.24), and systemic lupus erythematosus comorbidity (HR = 2.36, 95% CI: 1.35–4.13). After adjustment, ever-use of methotrexate demonstrated a significant protective association against both RA-related lung diseases (odds ratio [OR] = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44–0.92) and RA-ILD (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.35–0.83). Similarly, biologic or targeted synthetic disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (b/tsDMARDs) were also found protective (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.35–0.99).

conclusionThis study identifies several clinically significant risk factors for RA-related lung diseases, while demonstrating protective effects of methotrexate and b/tsDMARDs.

Indexed as

Antirheumatic AgentsArthritis, RheumatoidLung DiseasesLung Diseases, InterstitialAdultAgedBronchiectasisFemaleHumansHypertension, PulmonaryIncidenceKaplan-Meier EstimateLogistic ModelsLongitudinal StudiesMaleMethotrexateAntirheumatic AgentsMethotrexateDMARDsILDMethotrexateRheumatoid arthritis-related lung diseases

Identifiers

PMID41184949
PMCPMC12581570

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.