Evidence mapPaperPMID 41186575Full record

Trial reportMenopause (New York, N.Y.)2026

Association between central adiposity and cognitive domain function in recently postmenopausal women: an analysis from the KEEPS-Cog substudy of the Kronos Early Estrogen Preventive Study.

Taryn T James, N Maritza Dowling, Carola Ferrer Simó, Hector Salazar, Carol A Van Hulle, Gilda Ennis, Adrienne L Johnson, Mary F Wyman, Lauren W Y McLester-Davis, Diane C Gooding and 17 more

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Menopause (New York, N.Y.), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Taryn T JamesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.ORCID 0000-0002-6843-8653
N Maritza DowlingGeorge Washington University, Washington, DC.
Carola Ferrer SimóUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Hector SalazarUniversity of Pittsburgh, School of Nursing, Pittsburgh, PA.
Carol A Van HulleUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Gilda EnnisUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Adrienne L JohnsonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Mary F WymanUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Lauren W Y McLester-DavisUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Diane C GoodingUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Barbara FischerUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Shenikqua BougesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.
Emre UmucuUniversity of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX.
Firat KaraMayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Juliana M KlingMayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ.
JoAnn E MansonBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.
Eliot A BrintonUtah Lipid Center, Salt Lake City, UT.
Marcelle I CedarsUniversity of California, San Francisco, CA.
Rogerio A LoboColumbia University, New York City, NY.
Genevieve Neal-PerryUniversity of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
Nanette F SantoroUniversity of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO.
Frederick Naftoline-Bio Corporation, New York, NY.
Sherman M HarmanPhoenix VA Health Care System, Phoenix, AZ.
Lubna PalYale University, New Haven, CT.
Virginia M MillerUniversity of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX.
Kejal KantarciUniversity of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX.
Carey E GleasonUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI.

Funding

PILOT STUDY--SUBSTRATE METABOLISM IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTSP30DK048520 · UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER · 1995 to 2025
$7.7M
Arterial Stiffness, Cognition, and Equol (ACE)R01AG074971 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · 2022 to 2025
$4.8M
Premenopausal bilateral oophorectomy and biomarkers of Alzheimer’s and cerebrovascular diseasesR01AG093767 · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · 2025 to 2025
$1.8M
ADRD Prevention Messaging to Increase Smoking Cessation Attempts in Older Adult SmokersK23AG067929 · UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON · 2025 to 2025
$140k
HSRD VA IK2 HX003080NCRR NIH HHS KL2 RR025749NCRR NIH HHS TL1 RR025748NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024131NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024139NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR024150NCRR NIH HHS UL1 RR025750NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL090639NIA NIH HHS K23 AG067929NIA NIH HHS R01 AG029624NIA NIH HHS R01 AG074971NIA NIH HHS R01 AG093767NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG057547NIA NIH HHS UH2 AG083258NIDDK NIH HHS P30 DK048520
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine associations between central adiposity, cognitive function, and randomized menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) in a reanalysis of the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study-Cognitive and Affective (KEEPS-Cog) sub-study participants.

methodsKEEPS randomized 727 women (ages 42-58) who were <36 months postnatural menopause to oral conjugated equine estrogens (o-CEE), transdermal 17-β-estradiol (t-E2), or placebo for 48 months. Participants with diabetes, body mass index >35 kg/m 2 , coronary artery calcium score >50 Agatston Units, and other cardiometabolic disease risk indicators were excluded from enrollment. In the ancillary KEEPS-Cog study, cognitive tests were completed at baseline, 18-, 36-, and 48-month post-randomization. In these analyses, cognitive variables were summarized as four cognitive domain-specific factor scores: verbal learning and memory, auditory attention and working memory, visual attention and executive function, and speeded language and mental flexibility. Waist-hip-ratio (WHR), an indicator of central adiposity, was measured at screening (baseline) and modeled as a covariate in linear latent growth models assessing associations of MHT with cognitive functions at baseline and over time.

resultsHigher baseline WHR was associated with poorer performance on all domain-specific cognitive outcomes at baseline and with changes in visual attention and executive function across time. Models including interaction effects were not significant for either o-CEE x WHR or t-E2 x WHR.

conclusionCentral adiposity is a risk factor for domain-specific cognitive decline, and thus, cognitive health effects should be investigated in early postmenopausal women, even in women with low cardiovascular risk statuses.

Indexed as

AdiposityCognitionEstrogen Replacement TherapyObesity, AbdominalPostmenopauseAdministration, CutaneousAdultEstradiolEstrogensEstrogens, Conjugated (USP)Executive FunctionFemaleHumansMiddle AgedWaist-Hip RatioEstradiolEstrogensEstrogens, Conjugated (USP)Central adiposityEstrogensMenopausal hormone therapyMetabolic syndrome diseasesWaist-to-hip ratio

Identifiers

PMID41186575
PMCPMC12854373

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.