ArticleCommunications medicine2025
The metformin mediated MAPK signaling pathway influences D-Xylose regulation during diabetic kidney disease therapy.
Article in Communications medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metformin protects podocytes by inhibiting the MAPK14-SLC7A11-GPX4 axis and dysregulation of fatty acid metabolism.Diabetologia · 2026Article
- Empagliflozin, Linagliptin, and Metformin Differentially Affect Renal PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathways inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Spatial atlas of human diabetic kidney uncovered podocyte-driven metabolic-inflammatory crosstalk via glycerolipid reprogramming and DUSP4/MMP3 axis.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- MAPK14/SLC7A11/GPX4 axis dysregulation drives podocyte ferroptosis via mediating glycerophospholipid metabolism.Cell death discovery · 2026Article
- Metabolic phenotypes: Molecular bridges between health homeostasis and disease imbalance.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major cause of end-stage renal disease. Although metformin is widely prescribed, the mechanisms underlying its renoprotective effects remain incompletely understood.
methodsWe integrated multi-omics approaches-including network pharmacology, phosphoproteomics, and targeted metabolomics-in both db/db mice (male) and human patients. Analyses were performed on blood and kidney tissue from mice and paired blood/urine samples from DKD patients to identify conserved therapeutic targets and metabolic pathways.
resultsMetformin treatment improves glycemic control and renal function (reduced creatinine and urea nitrogen) in DKD mice. Network pharmacology and phosphoproteomic analyses reveal metformin's engagement with the MAPK pathway, specifically through MAPK1 and MAPK3. Targeted metabolomics identifies four carbohydrate metabolites (mannitol, D-arabitol, D-mannose, and D-xylose) associated with DKD risk in humans. Cross-species validation in mice supports D-Xylose as a potential key biomarker for metformin's therapeutic effects in DKD, with proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation and alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism as key metabolic pathways.
conclusionsMetformin alleviates DKD through multi-modal mechanisms, modulating the MAPK signaling pathway and carbohydrate metabolites-notably D-xylose. As far as we are aware, these findings provide new mechanistic insights and suggest potential biomarker-driven strategies for DKD management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.