ArticleFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2025
Pathological and immune features of non-tuberculous mycobacteria and
Article in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: The histopathologic changes associated with cutaneous non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections closely resemble those seen in Methods: We conducted a detailed observation and comparative analysis of histomorphological features in 27 biopsies of cutaneous/mucosa NTM infections and 27 biopsies of MTB infections, focusing on macrophage distribution and the infiltration of various macrophage subpopulations. Results: Our findings revealed that NTM disease was more prone to developing small vessel hyperplasia, dilation, congestion, and interstitial edema compared to tuberculosis (TB). Additionally, the counts of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and neutrophils were significantly higher in NTM infections than in TB. NTM disease was primarily characterized by non-necrotizing granulomas, whereas TB was mainly associated with caseous necrotizing granulomas. Distinct macrophage subpopulations were observed in different lesion regions. granuloma epithelioid macrophages induced by NTM infections primarily expressed CD68 and CD206, while macrophages in non-granulomatous regions predominantly expressed CD163. This suggests that these macrophages belong to different subpopulations with distinct roles. Moreover, the positivity rate of PD-L1 in mononuclear inflammatory cells was notably elevated in both NTM and MTB infections. Discussion: The similarities and differences in histopathological features, macrophage responses, and immune markers between NTMD and TB provide valuable insights into their pathogenic mechanisms. Understanding these variations could inform better diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for managing NTM infections.
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