Impact of high-protein, low-calorie diet on anthropometric indices, glycation, and inflammation associated with the fat mass and obesity (FTO) gene among individuals with overweight/obesity.

Background: The common polymorphism rs9939609 of the fat mass and obesity gene (FTO) has been associated with increased susceptibility to obesity, but this association appears to be modified by diet. High protein diets have been shown to reduce weight and may increase the formation of circulating advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Obesity, on the other hand, is also associated with increased formation of AGEs, leading to oxidative stress and inflammation. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the impact of a high-protein and low-calorie (HPLC) diet on anthropometric indices and circulating AGEs levels associated with the FTO variant rs9939609 among overweight/obese individuals. Methods: In this interventional study, 60 overweight and obese individuals (aged 18-50 years) with no comorbidity were assigned to an HPLC diet of 800 kcal and ~100 g protein/day for 4 weeks. The enrolled participants were divided into three groups (each group, Results: The weight ( Conclusion: This study concludes that an HPLC diet modifies the variation of the FTO rs9939609 genotype and anthropometric measurements. These findings also suggest that high dietary protein intakes may protect against the obesogenic effects of FTO risk genotypes, leading to weight loss and improved metabolic parameters.