Two novel conserved linear B-cell epitopes identified in the S2 subunit of the infectious bronchitis virus spike protein.

Liwei Zhang, Yingfei Li, Xuehui Zhang, Jing Zhao, Guozhong Zhang, Ye Zhao

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Virus research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

2citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

The V577S mutation in the S2 subunit of QX-type IBV attenuates viral adaptation to chicken oviduct epithelial cells and pathogenicity in laying hens.Molecular biology reports · 2026
Article
A recombinant Newcastle disease virus-vectored multi-epitope vaccine confers protection against QX-like infectious bronchitis virus in chickens.Frontiers in immunology · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Liwei ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Yingfei LiNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Xuehui ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Jing ZhaoNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Guozhong ZhangNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.

Ye ZhaoNational Key Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health Security, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Epidemiology of the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Electronic address: yezhao@cau.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Infectious bronchitis (IB), caused by the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), is a contagious respiratory disease of chickens that poses a serious threat to the poultry industry worldwide. In this study, four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the heptad repeat 2 (HR2) region of the spike protein S2 subunit were generated through mouse immunization, hybridoma cell fusion, and clonal purification. Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assays confirmed that all four mAbs specifically recognized IBV. Epitope identification revealed two novel linear B-cell epitopes:

Indexed as

Epitopes, B-LymphocyteInfectious bronchitis virusSpike Glycoprotein, CoronavirusAnimalsAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, ViralChickensCoronavirus InfectionsEpitope MappingMiceMice, Inbred BALB CPoultry DiseasesAntibodies, MonoclonalAntibodies, ViralEpitopes, B-LymphocyteSpike Glycoprotein, Coronavirusspike protein, avian infectious bronchitis virusB-cell epitopeInfectious bronchitis virusMonoclonal antibodyS2 subunitSpike protein

Identifiers

PMID41192560

DOI10.1016/j.virusres.2025.199657

PMCPMC12634295

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.