Evidence mapPaperPMID 41192938Full record

ArticleBMJ open diabetes research & care2025

Disconnect between advanced diabetes technology and psychological well-being among young people: a cross-sectional analysis.

Gundula Ernst, Su-Jong Kim-Dorner, Madelaine Hampel, Henrike Fritsch, Karin Lange

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open diabetes research & care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Technology in Diabetes: A Year in Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Gundula ErnstMedical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany Ernst.Gundula@mh-hannover.de.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2483-7206
Su-Jong Kim-DornerMedical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3927-7333
Madelaine HampelMedical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Henrike FritschMedical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Karin LangeMedical Psychology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3636-2025

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDiabetes technologies may improve glycemic control and psychological well-being among adolescents and young adults (AYA) with type 1 diabetes. This cross-sectional study examines perceptions of automated insulin dosing (AID) systems and their association with glycemic and psychological outcomes compared with multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII). RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsParticipants were recruited from the largest diabetes camp for AYA in Germany. A total of 151 participants (70% female, mean age 20.7±2.9 years, 33% AID users) completed a questionnaire that included self-reported glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), global health status, emotional well-being (WHO-5), Generalized anxiety (GAD-7) and diabetes distress (PAID-5). AID users also rated their experiences with the system.

resultsAID users reported significantly lower HbA1c levels (7.3±1.0%) than CSII users (7.5±1.1%) and MDI users (8.4±2.0%, p=0.003). Approximately 75% of AID users viewed their current system as an improvement over previous therapy, reporting greater ease (84%), comfort (82%) and safety (80%). They reported higher treatment satisfaction than CSII users (p=0.044) and lower diabetes burden than MDI users (p=0.044) after controlling for age and gender. Treatment groups did not differ in well-being or anxiety. Better global health status was associated with the absence of other chronic health conditions (p=0.024), greater well-being (WHO-5; p<0.001), lower HbA1c (p=0.038) and fewer anxiety symptoms (GAD-7, p=0.007). Despite these positive indicators, a substantial proportion of participants reported symptoms of depression (18%), anxiety (30%), and diabetes distress (39%).

conclusionsAID systems were associated with improved glycemic control and high satisfaction among AYA. However, psychological distress remained prevalent across all treatment modalities, underscoring a discrepancy between metabolic benefits and persistent mental health challenges. These findings highlight the need to integrate psychological support alongside technological advances in the care of AYA living with diabetes.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1InsulinInsulin Infusion SystemsAdolescentAdultAnxietyBiomarkersBlood GlucoseCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleGermanyGlycated HemoglobinGlycemic ControlHumansHypoglycemic AgentsMaleBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsInsulinAdolescent HealthDiabetes Mellitus, Type 1Stress, PsychologicalYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID41192938
PMCPMC12587950

What Socratic holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.