Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41194129›Full record

ReviewJournal of translational medicine2025

Innovative gene engineering strategies to address tumor antigen escape in cell therapy.

Yuning Chen, Siyue Niu, Yan-Ruide Li, Lili Yang

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of translational medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. In Vivo CAR-T Therapies-A New Era of Programmable Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Review
  6. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yuning Chen *Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Siyue Niu *Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
Yan-Ruide LiDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. charlie.li@ucla.edu.ORCID 0000-0002-9858-300X
Lili YangDepartment of Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA. liliyang@ucla.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tumor antigen escape limits the durability of antigen-specific immunotherapies, particularly chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based treatments. Malignant cells evade detection through six routes: antigen mutation or alternative splicing, impaired antigen processing, lineage switching, membrane redistribution, trogocytic epitope masking, and CAR-induced shielding during autologous manufacture. First noted in blood cancers, these tactics increasingly appear in solid tumors, where heterogeneity and immune suppression exacerbate escape. Emerging countermeasures broaden or restore antigen recognition: multi-specific modalities (dual/tandem CARs, bispecific engagers, adaptor CARs), logic-gated synNotch circuits, antigen-upregulating mRNA vaccines and epigenetic drugs, and non-conventional effectors such as invariant natural killer T (iNKT), gamma delta T (γδ T), and mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells. Collectively, these advances signal a shift toward adaptable, off-the-shelf, biomarker-guided platforms designed to keep pace with tumor evolution and achieve escape-resistant immunity.

Indexed as

Antigens, NeoplasmCell- and Tissue-Based TherapyGenetic EngineeringNeoplasmsTumor EscapeAnimalsHumansReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAntigens, NeoplasmReceptors, Chimeric AntigenAdoptive cell transferCAR-based cell therapyImmunotherapiesTumor antigen escapeUnconventional t cell therapy; multi-specific cARs

Identifiers

PMID41194129
PMCPMC12587523

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.