Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41194302›Full record

ArticleBMC pharmacology & toxicology2025

Vitamin E-valproate co-therapy attenuated oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, related cognitive deficits and neuronal damage in Cypermethrin exacerbated seizure.

Aminu Imam, Abdulraheem Mudathir Tunde, Abdulbasit Amin, Wahab Imam Abdulmajeed, Alhassan Godwin Attai, Aalimah Akinosho Akorede, Omamuyovwi Meashack Ijomone, Moyosore Salihu Ajao

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In one paragraph

Article in BMC pharmacology & toxicology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Aminu ImamDepartment of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria. imam.a@unilorin.edu.ng.
Abdulraheem Mudathir TundeDepartment of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.
Abdulbasit AminDepartment of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.
Wahab Imam AbdulmajeedDepartment of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.
Alhassan Godwin AttaiDepartment of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.
Aalimah Akinosho AkoredeDepartment of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.
Omamuyovwi Meashack IjomoneLaboratory for Experimental and Translational Neurobiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo City, 351103, Nigeria.
Moyosore Salihu AjaoDepartment of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, 240003, Nigeria.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundEpilepsy, characterized by recurrent seizures and associated cognitive impairments, is often exacerbated by environmental neurotoxins such as Cypermethrin. This study investigates the effects of Cypermethrin (CPM) on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizures and the potential neuroprotective properties of Vitamin E (VIT E) and valproate (VAP), both alone and in combination.

methodsBehavioral tests, biochemical assays, and immunohistochemical analyses were conducted to assess seizure severity, cognitive performance, neuronal integrity, and markers of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.

resultsPTZ-induced seizures significantly increased seizure severity and impaired cognitive performance in the T-maze, Y-maze, and Morris’ water maze tests, with these deficits being exacerbated by CPM. Immunohistochemical staining revealed substantial neuronal and interneuron loss in the hippocampus, accompanied by heightened microglial activation. Biochemical analyses showed elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α) and oxidative stress markers (MDA), alongside reduced antioxidant enzyme activity (SOD). Therapeutic intervention with VAP or VIT E mitigated these effects to varying degrees, demonstrating improvements in seizure scores, cognitive performance, neuronal integrity, and reductions in neuroinflammation and oxidative stress markers. These findings underscore the potential synergistic benefits of combining VAP and VIT E in managing seizures and associated neuropathologies.

conclusionThis study highlights the exacerbating effects of environmental toxins on seizure-related cognitive and neuronal impairments while providing evidence for antioxidant-based combination therapies as a promising approach to mitigate these effects.

Indexed as

AnticonvulsantsAntioxidantsCognitive DysfunctionNeuroinflammatory DiseasesNeuroprotective AgentsPyrethrinsSeizuresValproic AcidVitamin EAnimalsDrug Therapy, CombinationHippocampusMaleNeuronsOxidative StressPentylenetetrazoleAnticonvulsantsAntioxidantscypermethrinNeuroprotective AgentsPentylenetetrazolePyrethrinsValproic AcidVitamin EAntioxidantsCognitionGABAGliaHippocampusSeizure

Identifiers

PMID41194302
PMCPMC12587595

What Socratic holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.