Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41196563›Full record

ArticleJournal of endocrinological investigation2026

Protective effects of ketogenic diet on aldosterone-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice.

Andrea Armani, Vincenzo Marzolla, Caterina Mammi, Laura Vitiello, Eleonora Bellucci, Alessandra Feraco, Stefania Gorini, Massimiliano Caprio

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Article in Journal of endocrinological investigation, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Andrea Armani *Department for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
Vincenzo Marzolla *Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Caterina MammiLaboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, IRCCS San Raffaele, Rome, Italy.
Laura VitielloDepartment for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
Eleonora BellucciDepartment for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
Alessandra FeracoDepartment for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
Stefania GoriniDepartment for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy.
Massimiliano CaprioDepartment for the Promotion of Human Sciences and Quality of Life, San Raffaele Roma Open University, Rome, Italy. massimiliano.caprio@sanraffaele.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0722-7163

Funding

Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca 202285HFZY
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAtherosclerosis represents the main determinant of major adverse cardiovascular events and cardiovascular death, and a large body of evidence demonstrated that circulating aldosterone (Aldo) levels contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. Ketogenic diets have gained attention for their efficacy in weight reduction and metabolic control. This study aims to investigate the potential of this dietary regimen to counteract plaque formation in a mouse model of atherosclerosis stimulated by Aldo.

methodsMale 9-week-old ApoE-/- mice were implanted with an osmotic minipump subcutaneously containing vehicle or Aldo (6 μg/mouse/day) and placed either on an atherogenic high fat diet (HFD, 4.5 kcal/g, 42% Kcal from fat) or on a ketogenic diet (KD, 6.8 kcal/g, 90.5% Kcal from fat) for 4 weeks. After treatment, mice were sacrificed and the aortic tissues were collected for histochemical and gene expression analyses to investigate atherosclerotic plaque size and composition as well as transcript levels of markers involved in the atherosclerotic process.

resultsKD effectively reduced plaque size and lipid content in Aldo-treated mice, as compared with HFD. In addition, aortas of KD-fed mice showed decreased levels of pro-inflammatory markers like ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MCP-1, IL-6, and TNF-α, and displayed a macrophage polarization towards an anti-inflammatory M2 profile.

conclusionsThe findings show that KD counteracts atherosclerosis development induced by Aldo in ApoE-/- mice, suggesting that KD may prevent atherosclerotic plaque formation in subjects with high cardiovascular risk.

Indexed as

AldosteroneApolipoproteins EAtherosclerosisDiet, KetogenicPlaque, AtheroscleroticAnimalsDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalMaleMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, KnockoutAldosteroneApolipoproteins EAtherosclerotic plaqueCardiovascular diseaseKetone bodiesKetosisMineralocorticoid receptor

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.