SynthesisExpert review of clinical immunology2025
Immunology of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.
Synthesis in Expert review of clinical immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Interplay between frailty and cardiometabolic disorders: from pathophysiology to clinical implications.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Pooled it
- Sodium/glucose cotransporters 2 inhibitors but not other antidiabetic drugs improve frailty in older adults with diabetes and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.Cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Regulation of Microvascular Inflammation: The Heart-Brain Axis, Mast Cells, and the Protective Role of Flavonoids-A Comprehensive Review.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Prognostic Role of Immunonutritional Indices in Elderly Patients with HFpEF: Long-Term Follow-Up of the CONUT, PNI, and CALLy Scores.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Stress hyperglycemia ratio and physical frailty in HFpEF.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2025Observational
- Hyperglycemia, diabetes, and coronary microvascular dysfunction in INOCA.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a clinical syndrome characterized by diastolic dysfunction, systemic comorbidities, and chronic low-grade inflammation. Emerging evidence suggests that immune dysregulation plays a central role in its pathophysiology. Both innate and adaptive immune responses contribute to myocardial remodeling, endothelial dysfunction, and comorbidity-driven inflammation that are hallmarks of HFpEF. AREAS COVERED: In this systematic review, we summarize current evidence on the contribution of immunological pathways to HFpEF, including the role of proinflammatory cytokines, immune cell infiltration (particularly macrophages, mast cells, and T cells), and immune - endothelial interactions. We also highlight findings from experimental models linking systemic metabolic inflammation to myocardial fibrosis, coronary microvascular dysfunction, and cardiomyocyte stiffness in HFpEF. Finally, we explore potential immunomodulatory therapeutic approaches currently under investigation and discuss biomarkers of immune activation with potential clinical relevance. EXPERT OPINION: While no immunologically targeted therapy is yet approved for HFpEF, interventions that modulate inflammation - such as IL-1 blockade, mast cell stabilization, or myeloid-targeted therapies - offer promise. Future clinical trials should incorporate immune profiling to enable patient stratification and personalized treatment approaches. A deeper understanding of immune-mediated mechanisms in HFpEF will be essential to advance therapeutic innovation and improve outcomes in this challenging and growing patient population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.