ArticleGut2026
Indole-3-propionic acid links gut dysfunction to diabetic retinopathy: a biomarker and novel therapeutic approach.
Article in Gut, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrative Network Pharmacology Analysis of Gut Microbial Metabolite-Mediated Gut-Eye Axis Regulation in Major Blinding Retinal Diseases.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- The gut-heart dialogue: an epigenetic perspective on myocardial infarction.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Review
- Microbial metabolic memory in inflammatory bowel disease: microbiota-derived metabolites, host-microbe reprogramming, and relapse susceptibility.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- The gut-eye axis in age-related macular degeneration: from microbial dysbiosis to targeted intervention strategies.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
26 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBoth host and microbe metabolism of tryptophan (Trp) is altered in diabetes; however, the molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood.
objectiveWe used strategies to increase either angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) dependent or independent Trp absorption in a model of type 2 diabetes, db/db mice, and tested whether the strategies could prevent development of diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes. Additionally, we investigated levels of Trp metabolites in humans with and without DR.
designEnhanced ACE-2 dependent Trp absorption was achieved with gavage of genetically modified bacteria that preserved intestinal ACE2:sodium coupled neutral amino acid transporter expression. ACE-2 independent Trp absorption was achieved by gavage of the Trp dipeptide (Isoleucine-Trp; IW) absorbed via solute carrier family 15 member 1. Both strategies were used either as a prevention (6 months treatment) or intervention (3 months treatment) and at the conclusion, intestinal, metabolic and retinal studies were performed including spatial mass spectroscopy (MS). Plasma Trp metabolites and gut permeability markers were measured in individuals with T2D with (n=30) and without (n=40) DR and compared with healthy controls (n=35).
results
conclusionNutraceutical strategies that restore Trp metabolism or IPA serve as both a biomarker and a treatment for DR.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.