Evidence mapPaperPMID 41199290Full record

ArticleNutrition journal2025

Impact of muscle mass on mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: insights from NHANES 1999-2018.

Zhi-Ming Ouyang, Jie Pan, Hui-Qin Zou, Pei-Wen Jia, Ying Yang, Kui-Min Yang, Jian-Zi Lin, Yao-Wei Zou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nutrition journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhi-Ming Ouyang *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Jie Pan *Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530000, China.
Hui-Qin Zou *Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, 402 Renmin Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
Pei-Wen JiaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Ying YangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Kui-Min YangDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
Jian-Zi LinDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. linjz5@mail.sysu.edu.cn.
Yao-Wei ZouDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yan Jiang West Road, Guangzhou, 510120, China. zouyw8@mail.sysu.edu.cn.

Funding

Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Guangdong Province 20251061Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project and Yat-sen Excellent Yong Scientists Fund 2023A03J0709National Natural Science Foundation of China 82402094
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMuscle loss is linked to multiple adverse outcomes, but its impact on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) prognosis is unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between muscle mass and mortality in RA patients.

methodsRA patients from the NHANES database were followed for survival until December 31, 2021. Muscle mass was measured using dual X-ray absorptiometry, low muscle mass was defined as appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) < 7.0 kg/m² in men or < 5.5 kg/m² in women. The relationship between ASMI and mortality was analyzed using weighted Cox regression.

resultsThe study included 892 participants (weighted mean [SE] age 52.22 [0.59] years, 57.36% female). During a median (SE) follow-up of 11.44 (0.33) years, 291 deaths (32.62%) were recorded, of which 197 (28.23%) were attributed to cardiovascular disease. In fully adjusted models, a 1 kg/m²increase in ASMI was associated with decreased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk by 34% (HR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.86) and 40% (HR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.93), respectively. When ASMI stratified, RA with low muscle mass had a 1.42-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 1.42, 95% CI 1.01-2.00) and a 2.58-fold higher risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR = 2.58, 95% CI 1.18-5.62) than those with normal muscle mass. Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear association between ASMI and cardiovascular (P

conclusionsMuscle loss in RA patients is linked to higher mortality risk, underscoring the need to recognize its harmful effects.

Indexed as

Arthritis, RheumatoidMuscle, SkeletalSarcopeniaAbsorptiometry, PhotonAdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNutrition SurveysRisk FactorsAppendicular skeletal muscle mass indexCardiovascularMortalityNHANESRheumatoid arthritis

Identifiers

PMID41199290
PMCPMC12593914

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.