Evidence map›Paper›PMID 41199464›Full record

ArticleChinese medical journal2026

Non-communicable disease burden in China, 1990-2023: Evidence from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

Tianhao Zhang, Haoyue Jiang, Xiaohui Xu, Zhenping Zhao, Maigeng Zhou

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Chinese medical journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Tianhao ZhangDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
Haoyue JiangInstitute of Basic Theory for Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100070, China.
Xiaohui XuNational Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Zhenping ZhaoNational Center for Chronic and Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Maigeng ZhouDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Amid rapid population aging, China faces a substantial NCD burden. This study aimed to assess the NCD burden in China in 2023 using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

methodsThis study used data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023, which covers 31 provinces in Chinese mainland and the Hong Kong and Macao Special Administrative Regions. Age-standardized and all-age mortality and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) rates for NCDs were estimated and compared between 1990 and 2023. Analyses were conducted according to sex, age group, and region. Level 3 NCD causes were ranked according to mortality and DALY rates.

resultsNCDs were the major contributor to China's disease burden in 2023. Cardiovascular diseases (316.08/100,000), neoplasms (180.02/100,000), and chronic respiratory diseases (73.15/100,000) were the leading causes of NCD-related mortality rates. Cardiovascular diseases (6262.68/100,000) and neoplasms (4456.46/100,000) were the top contributors to DALY rates. Age-standardized mortality and DALY rates for major NCDs have declined since 1990; however, the absolute numbers continue to rise because of population aging. Notable increases in disease burden were observed. Compared to 1990, the mortality rate increased by 239.14% and the DALY rate by 77.04% for neurological disorders. For mental disorders, mortality increased by 382.34% and the DALY rate by 25.82%. For musculoskeletal disorders, the DALY rate increased by 48.17%. Geographic disparities persisted, with higher NCD burdens concentrated in the western and northeastern provinces, whereas the more developed eastern regions showed relatively lower rates.

conclusionsNCDs remain the leading cause of disease burden in China and vary significantly by disease type, sex, age, and region. Strengthening prevention, improving the management of high-risk populations, and enhancing data accuracy are essential for more effective and equitable NCD control.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseNoncommunicable DiseasesAdolescentAdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesChildChild, PreschoolChinaDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNeoplasmsYoung AdultCardiovascular diseasesChinaDisability-adjusted life yearsDisease burdenMortalityNon-communicable diseases

Identifiers

PMID41199464
PMCPMC12767929

What Socratic holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.