ArticleSe pu = Chinese journal of chromatography2025
[Comprehensive analytical chemistry experiment： analysis of non-covalent interactions between double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid and a natural drug by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry].
Article in Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Analytical chemistry experiments are essential foundational courses for first- and second-year undergraduates in chemistry， chemical engineering， materials science， and pharmacy. These courses provide students with principles and operational skills of analytical instruments， alongside training in qualitative and quantitative analysis. However， current teaching practices face three main challenges： （1） insufficient focus on instrumental analysis； （2） outdated experimental content misaligned with modern scientific advancements； and （3） limited experimental hours due to curriculum constraints. To systematically address these issues， we proposed educational objectives， competency goals， and course objectives based on outcome-based education （OBE） philosophy. Building upon this backdrop， a comprehensive experiment utilizing electrospray ionization mass spectrometry （ESI-MS） was designed to investigate non-covalent interactions between double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid （DNA） and naringin， a flavonoid natural drug. The experiment is offered to third-year undergraduate students as an elective. In the implementation process， a blended teaching model combining online and offline methods is adopted. The experimental teaching process is structured into three stages： pre-class preparation， in-class practice， and post-class review. Pre-class tasks include literature reviews， artificial intelligence （AI）-assisted summaries， pre-lab report writing and group discussions. This part is mainly conducted online without occupying class hours. During in-class practice， students synthesized double-stranded DNA by annealing single-stranded DNA （heated at 90 ℃ for 15 min， followed by slowly cooling to （25±1） ℃ overnight and stored at -20 ℃）. The resulting DNA was incubated with naringin at a 1∶4 concentration ratio in ammonium acetate for 15 min. The mixture was then analyzed by ESI-MS on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. Both negative and positive ion modes were employed with optimized parameters encompassing spray voltage， capillary voltage， tube lens offset， heated capillary temperature， nitrogen sheath and auxiliary gas flows. Data acquisition involved 150 averaged scans using Xcalibur software. ESI-MS under negative ion mode was used to detect the non-covalent complexes. Secondary mass spectrometry （MS/MS） of 5-charged complex ions showed guanine base loss and minimal drug dissociation， indicating strong non-covalent interactions. In positive ion mode， MS yielded lower complex abundance， likely due to charge redistribution during ionization. The results reveal that naringin binds DNA predominantly via
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