SynthesisCancer medicine2025
Recent Advancements in Known and Emerging Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Synthesis in Cancer medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Recent Advancements in Known and Emerging Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Urinary Volatile Organic Compounds as Non-Invasive Biomarkers to Distinguish Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Cirrhosis: A Multicentre Diagnostic Accuracy Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Observational
- Integrative systems biology and transcriptomic database analysis (GEPIA2 and TNMplot) uncover HRAS-driven anticancer mechanisms of anthraquinones in liver cancer.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Virus infections and cancers: from mechanisms to therapeutics.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Cytological Evaluation of Space-Occupying Lesions of the Liver by Fine Needle Aspiration.Cureus · 2026Article
- Review
- Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver malignancy and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advancements in antiviral therapies for hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV), HCC incidence continues to rise due to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and emerging environmental and genetic risk factors. Understanding the evolving landscape of HCC pathogenesis is crucial for improved prevention and treatment strategies.
objectiveThis review consolidates recent insights into established and emerging HCC risk factors, highlighting epidemiological trends, molecular mechanisms, and global disparities. It also explores novel therapeutic and preventive strategies aimed at reducing HCC burden and improving patient outcomes.
methodsA systematic literature review was conducted, incorporating epidemiological studies, molecular research, and clinical trials on HCC risk factors. The interplay between viral hepatitis, metabolic syndrome, environmental toxins, and gut-liver axis dysregulation was analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of HCC development.
resultsWhile HBV and HCV remain significant drivers of HCC, metabolic risk factors-including MASLD, obesity, insulin resistance, and T2DM-are increasingly prevalent, particularly in Western populations. Environmental exposures such as aflatoxins, alcohol, smoking, and air pollution further exacerbate disease progression. Gut microbiota dysbiosis has also emerged as a key modulator of hepatic carcinogenesis. Advances in precision medicine, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sorafenib, lenvatinib), immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab), and gut microbiota-targeted therapies, are transforming HCC management. Early detection is improving through biomarker-driven surveillance and AI-enhanced imaging techniques.
conclusionThe shifting epidemiology of HCC necessitates a multidisciplinary approach to prevention, early detection, and treatment. Integrating genomic profiling, biomarker-based risk stratification, and equitable healthcare access will be critical to reducing the global burden of HCC.
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What Socratic holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.