Evidence mapPaperPMID 41201675Full record

ReviewCellular and molecular neurobiology2025

Microcargos with Megaeffects: A Literature Review of Immunomodulatory, Diagnostic, Prognostic, and Therapeutic Dimensions of Exosomal MicroRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Amirhossein Kamroo, Arash Esmaeili, Kiana Tahan, Milad Shafizadeh, Nima Rezaei

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Cellular and molecular neurobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Amirhossein Kamroo *School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Poursina St., Ghods St., Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 1461884513, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-2186-0276
Arash Esmaeili *Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-9536-0863
Kiana TahanMedical School, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Velenjak, Daneshjoo Blvd., Kodakyar St., Tehran, 1985717443, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0004-3156-3831
Milad ShafizadehDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, North Kargar Ave., Three-Way Jalal-Al-Ahmad, Tehran, 1411713135, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9520-2099
Nima RezaeiNetwork of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Dr. Qarib St, Keshavarz Blvd, Tehran, 14194, Iran. rezaei_nima@tums.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3836-1827

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a complex and aggressive central nervous system (CNS) tumor that has a poor prognosis, and restricted therapeutic options are available despite the increasing research conducted. Moreover, the cells in our body package microRNAs, ubiquitous modulators of numerous biological processes, into exosomes for cell-to-cell signaling. Indeed, exosomal miRNAs contribute to several aspects of glioma, such as development, occurrence, metastasis, and immune evasion. Additionally, exosomal miRNAs play a key role in cellular functions and glioma pathogenesis by regulating numerous pathways, including the Wnt/β-catenin, PTEN/PI3K/Akt, EGFR/MAPK, notch signaling, and NF-κB. Notably, exosomal miRNAs are recognized to have promising potential in clinical applications; in fact, exosomal miRNAs are emerging biomarkers for glioma diagnosis and prognosis and are additionally considered as putative therapeutic candidates by inhibiting tumor progression, occurrence, and metastasis. This review presents the current knowledge regarding clinical potential and application of exosomal miRNAs in glioma, as well as the miRNA-mediated regulatory network underlying glioma immunopathogenesis.

Indexed as

Brain NeoplasmsExosomesGlioblastomaImmunomodulationMicroRNAsAnimalsBiomarkers, TumorHumansPrognosisBiomarkers, TumorMicroRNAsAstrocytomaExtracellular vesiclesGliomaImmunosuppressionmiRNANon-invasive diagnosis

Identifiers

PMID41201675
PMCPMC12595210

What Socratic holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.