SynthesisBMC cardiovascular disorders2025
Toxic heavy metal exposure and heart health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 324,331 patients.
Synthesis in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Polymorphisms as Modifiers of Health Risks from Exposure to Toxic Elements: A Traditional Literature Review.Toxics · 2026Review
- Association between heavy metal exposure and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the elderly: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2016-2017.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Domestic water hardness, genetic susceptibility, and risk of symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm: a cohort study of UK biobank.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHeavy metal pollution is a concerning cardiovascular risk factor and a major public health concern. While traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors are well-established, environmental exposures are less recognized, despite their growing significance.
methodsAdhering to PROSPERO and PRISMA guidelines, a search was conducted across PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase until April 2025 for studies involving patients with heart disease or stroke who were exposed to heavy metals. Primary outcomes were the events of CVD, CHD, and stroke. Proportions of events within populations with 95% confidence intervals were pooled. R software was used for the analysis, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05.
resultsWe included 16 studies involving 324,331 participants. The cadmium subgroup showed a pooled proportion of 0.09 (95% CI: 0.01-0.17), with individual values ranging from 0.01 to 0.22; the arsenic subgroup showed a pooled proportion of 0.04 (95% CI: 0.04-0.04). The overall pooled proportion was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.01-0.15). Six studies found cases of CHD in groups exposed to cadmium and arsenic, with combined rates of 0.10 (95% CI: 0.00-0.22) for cadmium and 0.00 (95% CI: 0.00-0.00) for arsenic. The overall pooled proportion was 0.08 (95% CI: 0.00-0.18). Ten studies assessed CVD proportions by metal exposure. Arsenic showed a pooled proportion of 0.06 (95% CI: 0.00-0.18), cadmium 0.14 (95% CI: 0.00-0.31), lead 0.08 (95% CI: 0.01-0.14), and mercury 0.05 (95% CI: 0.04-0.06). The overall pooled proportion was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.03-0.17).
conclusionThis study emphasizes the significance of the toxic environmental metals contributing to cardiovascular risk beyond behavioural risk factors.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.