Exploratory real-world experience with GLP-1 receptor agonists vs. metformin in youth with new-onset type 2 diabetes: a single-center retrospective study.

Isaac Tejeji, Troy Zeier, Josephine A Smith, Nancy T Chang, Lily C Chao

Abstract readComparative Study

In one paragraph

Article in Journal of pediatric endocrinology & metabolism : JPEM, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Isaac TejejiThe Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Troy ZeierInstitute for Nursing and Interprofessional Research, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Josephine A SmithThe Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Nancy T ChangThe Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

Lily C ChaoThe Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6294-0589

Funding

NIDDK NIH HHS R25 DK113652

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesIn youth with type 2 diabetes (YT2D), glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP1) are recommended as adjuncts to metformin (Met) when glycemic targets are not achieved. Early GLP1 use may improve weight and glycemic control, but its efficacy as monotherapy in treatment-naïve YT2D remains unstudied. This exploratory study compares GLP1 and Met monotherapy for glycemic and weight outcomes in newly diagnosed YT2D.

methodsThis retrospective study analyzed patients<21 diagnosed with T2D between January 2022 and March 2024 at a single center. Data were collected for up to 1 year following diagnosis for patients prescribed GLP1 or Met alone. Records were excluded if additional diabetes medication or bariatric surgery was introduced. A mixed effects linear regression model adjusted for baseline BMI, HbA

resultsThe cohort included 12 GLP1 and 113 Met patients. About 83 % GLP1 patients were female (vs. Met 51 %). All were publicly insured. Median age at diagnosis was 14.8 years. Baseline and final HbA

conclusionsGLP1 led to greater BMI reduction with comparable glycemic control relative to Met in newly diagnosed YT2D.

Indexed as

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminAdolescentBiomarkersBlood GlucoseChildFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlycated HemoglobinHumansMalePrognosisRetrospective StudiesYoung AdultBiomarkersBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlycated Hemoglobinhemoglobin A1c protein, humanHypoglycemic AgentsMetforminGLP1metforminobesity and type 2 diabetespediatric diabetestype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID41204644

DOI10.1515/jpem-2025-0493

PMCPMC12780941

What Socratic holds

Texttitle and abstract

LicenceCC BY

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the Socratic graph.